---
title: leaden — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «leaden» in the school dictionary: Made of lead, the grey heavy metal: a leaden gutter. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# leaden

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**Who acts:** rain, legs, roof, heart · **What happens:** make, weigh down, fall, feel, have, be · **To what, where:** leaden legs, leaden sky, leaden gutter

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«leaden» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [leaden in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/leaden.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made of lead, the grey heavy metal: a leaden gutter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leaden:m1:1
# text = Made of lead, the grey heavy metal: a leaden gutter.
1	Made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	lead	lead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	leaden	leaden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	gutter	gutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | of lead | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dull grey, like lead: leaden skies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leaden:m2:1
# text = Dull grey, like lead: leaden skies.
1	Dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	lead	lead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	leaden	leaden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	skies	sky	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heavy and slow, as if weighed down: leaden legs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leaden:m3:1
# text = Heavy and slow, as if weighed down: leaden legs.
1	Heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	advcl	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	weighed	weigh	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	down	down	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	leaden	leaden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weigh down** | participle |  | leaden legs |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rain fell from the leaden sky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leaden:x1:1
# text = The rain fell from the leaden sky.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	leaden	leaden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | the rain |  |  | the leaden sky |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from sky=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My legs felt leaden after the long walk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leaden:x2:1
# text = My legs felt leaden after the long walk.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	leaden	leaden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | My legs |  |  |  | after the long walk | leaden *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The roof had a leaden gutter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leaden:x3:1
# text = The roof had a leaden gutter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	leaden	leaden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	gutter	gutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the roof | a leaden gutter |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gutter=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her heart was leaden with grief.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leaden:x4:1
# text = Her heart was leaden with grief.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	leaden	leaden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Her heart |  |  |  |  | with grief; leaden *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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