---
title: leaders — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «leaders» in the school dictionary: People who lead or are in charge of a group, a team, a country or an organisation. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# leaders

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** People, things, World leaders, group leaders, leaders, Good leaders · **What happens:** lead, be, win, meet, talk, give out · **To what, where:** charge, area, maps, last lap, student leaders, class

<!-- .vabout -->
«leaders» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [leaders in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/leaders.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People who lead or are in charge of a group, a team, a country or an organisation.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leaders:m1:1
# text = People who lead or are in charge of a group, a team, a country or an organisation.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lead	lead	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	organisation	organisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | present | People |  |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **is** | present | People |  |  | charge and a team and a country or a organisation |  | of a group | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People or teams that are winning or in first place in a race or competition.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leaders:m2:1
# text = People or teams that are winning or in first place in a race or competition.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	teams	team	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	winning	win	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	amod	_	_
10	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	competition	competition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | present · progressive | People or teams |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Companies or things that are the best or most important in their area (market leaders).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leaders:m3:1
# text = Companies or things that are the best or most important in their area (market leaders).
1	Companies	company	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	10	advmod	_	_
10	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | things |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | things *not said here* |  |  | things's area |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
World leaders met to talk about the climate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leaders:x1:1
# text = World leaders met to talk about the climate.
1	World	world	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	climate	climate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | past | World leaders |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **talk** | to-infinitive | World leaders *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about the climate | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about climate=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The group leaders gave out the maps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leaders:x2:1
# text = The group leaders gave out the maps.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	maps	map	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give out** | past | the group leaders | the maps |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent map=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leaders of the race are on the last lap.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leaders:x3:1
# text = The leaders of the race are on the last lap.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	lap	lap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the leaders of the race |  |  | the last lap |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good leaders listen to their team.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leaders:x4:1
# text = Good leaders listen to their team.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	listen	listen	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | present | Good leaders |  |  |  |  | to leaders's team | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to team=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school has student leaders in every class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leaders:x5:1
# text = Our school has student leaders in every class.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	student	student	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our school | student leaders |  | every class |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leader=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two club leaders shook hands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leaders:x6:1
# text = The two club leaders shook hands.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
3	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shake** | past | the two club leaders | hands |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scouts have adult leaders who help them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leaders:x7:1
# text = Scouts have adult leaders who help them.
1	Scouts	scout	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	adult	adult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Scouts | adult leaders |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leader=Patient |
| 2 | **help** | present | adult leaders | leaders *= leader* |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seven leaders were now chosen, each at the head of a separate detachment of troops.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leaders:x8:1
# text = Seven leaders were now chosen, each at the head of a separate detachment of troops.
1	Seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
5	chosen	choose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	separate	separate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	detachment	detachment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	troops	troops	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | past · passive |  | Seven leaders |  | the head of a separate detachment of troops | now | each *obl* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: subject=Theme at head=Asset |
| 2 | **detach** |  |  | troops |  |  |  |  | nom detachment «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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