---
title: leafless — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «leafless» in the school dictionary: Having no leaves; bare, as trees are in winter. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# leafless

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**Who acts:** trees, leafless oak, leafless branches · **What happens:** have, be, stand, look, show · **To what, where:** leaves

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«leafless» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [leafless in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/leafless.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having no leaves; bare, as trees are in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leafless:m1:1
# text = Having no leaves; bare, as trees are in winter.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	det	_	_
3	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | no leaves |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | trees |  |  |  |  | as winter | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In winter the trees stand leafless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leafless:x1:1
# text = In winter the trees stand leafless.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	stand	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	leafless	leafless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | the trees |  |  |  | winter | leafless *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leafless oak looked cold and bare.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leafless:x2:1
# text = The leafless oak looked cold and bare.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	leafless	leafless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the leafless oak |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only the leafless branches showed against the sky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leafless:x3:1
# text = Only the leafless branches showed against the sky.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	leafless	leafless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the leafless branches |  |  |  |  | against the sky | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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