---
title: leak — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «leak» in the school dictionary: To leak means to let liquid or gas escape through a hole or crack by accident. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# leak

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** liquid, leak, small hole, gas, people, roof · **What happens:** leak, mean, let, escape, be, tell · **To what, where:** hole, small hole, things, secret, people, gas · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«leak» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [leak in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/leak.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To leak means to let liquid or gas escape through a hole or crack by accident.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leak:m1:1
# text = To leak means to let liquid or gas escape through a hole or crack by accident.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	leak	leak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
6	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	escape	escape	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	xcomp	_	_
10	through	through	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	crack	crack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leak** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **let** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **escape** | present | liquid or gas |  |  | a hole by accident or crack |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through hole=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A leak is a small hole or crack that lets things through, or the liquid or gas that escapes.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leak:m2:1
# text = A leak is a small hole or crack that lets things through, or the liquid or gas that escapes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leak	leak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	crack	crack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	through	through	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	escapes	escape	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a leak | a small hole or crack |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **let** | present | a small hole or crack | things |  |  |  | through *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
| 3 | **escape** | present | gas |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To leak a secret means to tell it to people who should not know.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leak:m3:1
# text = To leak a secret means to tell it to people who should not know.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	leak	leak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
12	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leak** | to-infinitive |  | a secret |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location secret=Source |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | secret | people |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Topic to people=Recipient |
| 4 | **not** **know** | should | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The roof leaks when it rains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leak:x1:1
# text = The roof leaks when it rains.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	leaks	leak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	rains	rain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leak** | present | the roof |  |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |
| 2 | **rain** | present | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There's a leak in the bucket.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leak:x2:1
# text = There's a leak in the bucket.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	leak	leak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bucket	bucket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a leak in the bucket |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you smell gas, there may be a gas leak; get out and tell an adult.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leak:x3:1
# text = If you smell gas, there may be a gas leak; get out and tell an adult.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	smell	smell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
4	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	8	expl	_	_
7	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	leak	leak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
13	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	out	out	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | gas |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer gas=Stimulus |
| 2 | **be** | may | a gas leak |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **get out** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn withdraw-82-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  | a adult |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My water bottle is leaking in my bag.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leak:x4:1
# text = My water bottle is leaking in my bag.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	leaking	leak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leak** | present · progressive | My water bottle |  |  | my bag |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boat sprang a leak and began to sink.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leak:x5:1
# text = The boat sprang a leak and began to sink.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sprang	spring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	leak	leak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	sink	sink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spring** | past | the boat | a leak |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location leak=Theme |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the boat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **sink** | to-infinitive | the boat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old batteries can leak acid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leak:x6:1
# text = Old batteries can leak acid.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	batteries	battery	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	leak	leak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leak** | can | Old batteries | acid |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location acid=Source |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone leaked the surprise, so she knew about the party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leak:x7:1
# text = Someone leaked the surprise, so she knew about the party.
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nsubj	_	_
2	leaked	leak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
9	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leak** | past | Someone | the surprise |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location surprise=Source |
| 2 | **know** | past | she |  |  |  |  | about the party | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about party=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put a pot under the leak to catch the drips.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leak:x8:1
# text = Put a pot under the leak to catch the drips.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	pot	pot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	leak	leak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	drips	drip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | a pot |  | the leak |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent pot=Theme under leak=Destination |
| 2 | **catch** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the drips |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drip=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The main mast was split asunder, the ship sprang a leak, and the pumps became useless, while all around was black as night.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leak:x9:1
# text = The main mast was split asunder, the ship sprang a leak, and the pumps became useless, while all around was black as night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	mast	mast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	split	split	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	asunder	asunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	sprang	spring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	leak	leak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	pumps	pump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
18	useless	useless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
21	all	all	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	around	around	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	_
25	as	as	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **split** | past · passive |  | the main mast |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **spring** | past | split asunder and the ship | a leak |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location leak=Theme |
| 3 | **become** | past | the pumps |  |  |  |  | useless *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | past | the pumps *not said here* |  |  |  | night | around, black *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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