---
title: lean — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lean» in the school dictionary: To lean is to bend your body towards something or away from straight: «Lean forward». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lean

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lean, you, She, Leaning Tower, runner · **What happens:** lean, be, lean on, mean, have, not lean · **To what, where:** weight, someone, little fat, window, bike, wall · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lean» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lean in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lean.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lean is to bend your body towards something or away from straight: «Lean forward».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lean:m1:1
# text = To lean is to bend your body towards something or away from straight: «Lean forward».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lean	lean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	bend	bend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	away	away	ADV	RB	_	9	conj	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Lean	lean	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
17	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lean** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | towards something; bend *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **lean** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lean on or against something is to rest your weight on it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lean:m2:1
# text = To lean on or against something is to rest your weight on it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lean	lean	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	rest	rest	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lean on** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | weight |  | against something; rest *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lean on someone is to depend on them for help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lean:m3:1
# text = To lean on someone is to depend on them for help.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lean	lean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	depend	depend	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lean** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | someone |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on someone=Location |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | on them *= they*; for help; depend *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lean (adjective) means thin and fit, or (of meat) having little fat.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lean:m4:1
# text = Lean (adjective) means thin and fit, or (of meat) having little fat.
1	Lean	lean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	fit	fit	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
15	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	ccomp	_	_
16	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	fat	fat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Lean |  |  |  |  | thin *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | gerund |  | little fat |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fat=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't lean out of the window.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lean:x1:1
# text = Don't lean out of the window.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	lean	lean	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **lean** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | the window |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent out window=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lean your bike against the wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lean:x2:1
# text = Lean your bike against the wall.
1	Lean	lean	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lean** | imperative | you *not said here* | your bike |  | the wall |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bike=Theme against wall=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She leaned forward to hear better.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lean:x3:1
# text = She leaned forward to hear better.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	leaned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | She |  |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hear** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | good *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Leaning Tower of Pisa leans to one side.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lean:x4:1
# text = The Leaning Tower of Pisa leans to one side.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Leaning	Leaning	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Tower	Tower	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Pisa	Pisa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	leans	lean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lean** | present | the Leaning Tower of Pisa |  |  |  |  | to one side | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can always lean on your family for help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lean:x5:1
# text = You can always lean on your family for help.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
4	lean	lean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lean** | can | You |  |  | your family |  | for help; always *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on family=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't lean back on your chair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lean:x6:1
# text = Don't lean back on your chair.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	lean	lean	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **lean back** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | your chair |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on chair=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Choose lean meat for a healthy meal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lean:x7:1
# text = Choose lean meat for a healthy meal.
1	Choose	choose	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	lean	lean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | imperative | you *not said here* | lean meat |  |  |  | for a healthy meal | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent meat=Theme for meal=Beneficiary |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The runner was tall and lean.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lean:x8:1
# text = The runner was tall and lean.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	runner	runner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	lean	lean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the runner |  |  |  |  | tall *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lean** | infinitive | the runner *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lean your little head against us."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lean:x9:1
# text = Lean your little head against us."
1	Lean	lean	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lean** | imperative | you *not said here* | your little head |  |  |  | against us | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent head=Theme against we=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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