---
title: leather — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «leather» in the school dictionary: Leather is a strong material made from the skin of animals such as cows, treated so it does not rot, used for shoes, bags, belts, jackets and balls. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# leather

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Leather, Grandpa · **What happens:** be, make, treat, not rot, use, come · **To what, where:** strong material, skin, cows, school shoes, saddle, old bound book

<!-- .vabout -->
«leather» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [leather in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/leather.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leather is a strong material made from the skin of animals such as cows, treated so it does not rot, used for shoes, bags, belts, jackets and balls.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leather:m1:1
# text = Leather is a strong material made from the skin of animals such as cows, treated so it does not rot, used for shoes, bags, belts, jackets and balls.
1	Leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
17	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	rot	rot	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	belts	belt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	jackets	jacket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	balls	ball	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Leather | a strong material |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a strong material *not said here* |  | the skin of animals such cows |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from skin=Material |
| 3 | **treat** | participle |  | cows *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **rot** | present · do-support | Leather |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **use** | participle |  | a strong material *not said here* |  |  |  | for shoes and bags and belts and jackets and balls | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My school shoes are made of leather.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leather:x1:1
# text = My school shoes are made of leather.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | My school shoes |  |  |  | of leather | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The saddle is made of brown leather.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leather:x2:1
# text = The saddle is made of brown leather.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	saddle	saddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | the saddle |  |  |  | of brown leather | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leather comes from the skin of animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leather:x3:1
# text = Leather comes from the skin of animals.
1	Leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Leather |  |  | the skin of animals |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from skin=Initial\_Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa has an old leather-bound book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leather:x4:1
# text = Grandpa has an old leather-bound book.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
5	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	bound	bind	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Grandpa | a old bound book |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Patient |
| 2 | **bind** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The football was made of leather in the old days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leather:x5:1
# text = The football was made of leather in the old days.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | the football |  |  | day | of leather | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vegan leather is made without animal skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leather:x6:1
# text = Vegan leather is made without animal skin.
1	Vegan	vegan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Vegan leather |  |  |  | without animal skin | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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