---
title: leathery — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «leathery» in the school dictionary: Leathery means tough, thick and dry like leather. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# leathery

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Leathery, Leathery skin, Holly, old fisherman, Bats, Turtle eggs · **What happens:** mean, be, wrinkle, have, keep, spread · **To what, where:** lots, dark leathery leaves, leathery face, leathery wings, leathery shells, tough leathery skin

<!-- .vabout -->
«leathery» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [leathery in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/leathery.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leathery means tough, thick and dry like leather.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leathery:m1:1
# text = Leathery means tough, thick and dry like leather.
1	Leathery	leathery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Leathery |  |  |  |  | tough *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leathery skin is rough and wrinkled, often from lots of sun and wind.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leathery:m2:1
# text = Leathery skin is rough and wrinkled, often from lots of sun and wind.
1	Leathery	leathery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	wrinkled	wrinkle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Leathery skin |  |  |  |  | rough *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **wrinkle** | participle | Leathery skin *not said here* |  |  | lots of sun and wind |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Holly has dark, leathery leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leathery:x1:1
# text = Holly has dark, leathery leaves.
1	Holly	Holly	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	leathery	leathery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Holly | dark leathery leaves |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old fisherman had a leathery face.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leathery:x2:1
# text = The old fisherman had a leathery face.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fisherman	fisherman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	leathery	leathery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the old fisherman | a leathery face |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats have leathery wings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leathery:x3:1
# text = Bats have leathery wings.
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	leathery	leathery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Bats | leathery wings |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turtle eggs have leathery shells.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leathery:x4:1
# text = Turtle eggs have leathery shells.
1	Turtle	turtle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	leathery	leathery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	shells	shell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Turtle eggs | leathery shells |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The steak was overcooked and leathery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leathery:x5:1
# text = The steak was overcooked and leathery.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	steak	steak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	overcooked	overcooked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	leathery	leathery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the steak |  |  |  |  | overcooked *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the steak *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lizards have tough, leathery skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leathery:x6:1
# text = Lizards have tough, leathery skin.
1	Lizards	lizard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	leathery	leathery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Lizards | tough leathery skin |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Desert plants often have leathery leaves to keep in water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leathery:x7:1
# text = Desert plants often have leathery leaves to keep in water.
1	Desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	leathery	leathery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Desert plants | leathery leaves |  |  |  | often *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | Desert plants *not said here* | leathery leaves *not said here* |  | water |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in water=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pterodactyl spread its leathery wings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leathery:x8:1
# text = The pterodactyl spread its leathery wings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pterodactyl	pterodactyl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	leathery	leathery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | past | the pterodactyl | pterodactyl's leathery wings |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wing=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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