---
title: led — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «led» in the school dictionary: Showed the way by going in front (she led us to the park). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# led

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** she, path, guide, captain, team, marching band · **What happens:** show, go, lead, be, win, cause · **To what, where:** way, front, us, park, charge, something

<!-- .vabout -->
«led» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [led in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/led.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Showed the way by going in front (she led us to the park).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:led:m1:1
# text = Showed the way by going in front (she led us to the park).
1	Showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
11	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past |  | the way |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent way=Recipient |
| 2 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  | front |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in front=Location |
| 3 | **lead** | past | she | us |  | the park |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent we=Theme to park=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Was in charge of a group or team.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:led:m2:1
# text = Was in charge of a group or team.
1	Was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past |  |  |  | charge |  | of a group or team | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Was winning or in first place.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:led:m3:1
# text = Was winning or in first place.
1	Was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	aux	_	_
2	winning	win	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
6	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past · progressive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Caused something to happen (led to).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:led:m4:1
# text = Caused something to happen (led to).
1	Caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition something=Patient |
| 2 | **happen** | to-infinitive |  | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **lead** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Went in a certain direction (the path led to the river).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:led:m5:1
# text = Went in a certain direction (the path led to the river).
1	Went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past |  |  |  | a certain direction |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in direction=Location |
| 2 | **lead** | past | the path | a certain direction *not said here* |  | the river |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent direction=Theme to river=Destination |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lived a certain kind of life (led a happy life).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:led:m6:1
# text = Lived a certain kind of life (led a happy life).
1	Lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past |  | a certain kind of life |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme kind=Location |
| 2 | **lead** | past |  | a happy life |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The guide led us through the cave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:led:x1:1
# text = The guide led us through the cave.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	guide	guide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | the guide | us |  | the cave |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent we=Theme through cave=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our captain led the team to victory.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:led:x2:1
# text = Our captain led the team to victory.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	victory	victory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | Our captain | the team |  | victory |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent team=Theme to victory=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At half time, our team led by two goals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:led:x3:1
# text = At half time, our team led by two goals.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	half	half	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	3	amod	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	goals	goal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | participle | our team |  |  |  | time | by two goals | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by goal=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The path led down to the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:led:x4:1
# text = The path led down to the beach.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead down** | past | the path |  |  |  |  | to the beach; down *property* | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to beach=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too much sugar led to a toothache.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:led:x5:1
# text = Too much sugar led to a toothache.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	toothache	toothache	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | participle |  | much sugar *not said here* |  |  |  | to a toothache | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to toothache=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She led a busy life.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:led:x6:1
# text = She led a busy life.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	busy	busy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | She | a busy life |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The parade was led by a marching band.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:led:x7:1
# text = The parade was led by a marching band.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	parade	parade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	marching	march	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	band	band	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past · passive | a marching band | the parade |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **march** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She now led Gerda into the flower-garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:led:x8:1
# text = She now led Gerda into the flower-garden.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Gerda	Gerda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | She | Gerda |  | the flower garden | now |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent gerda=Theme into garden=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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