---
title: leftovers — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «leftovers» in the school dictionary: Leftovers are food that is not eaten at a meal and is kept to eat later. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# leftovers

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Leftovers, Leftover, We, you, Leftover turkey, Cool leftovers · **What happens:** be, not eat, keep, eat, mean, remain · **To what, where:** food, meal, rest, leftovers, fridge, good sandwiches

<!-- .vabout -->
«leftovers» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [leftovers in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/leftovers.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leftovers are food that is not eaten at a meal and is kept to eat later.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leftovers:m1:1
# text = Leftovers are food that is not eaten at a meal and is kept to eat later.
1	Leftovers	leftover	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Leftovers | food |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **eat** | present · passive |  | food |  | a meal |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **keep** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **eat** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leftover means remaining after the rest has been used.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leftovers:m2:1
# text = Leftover means remaining after the rest has been used.
1	Leftover	leftover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	remaining	remain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Leftover |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **remain** *not said to happen* | gerund | Leftover *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **use** | present · perfect · passive |  | the rest |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had leftovers for dinner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leftovers:x1:1
# text = We had leftovers for dinner.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	leftovers	leftover	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We | leftovers |  |  |  | for dinner | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leftover=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put the leftovers in the fridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leftovers:x2:1
# text = Put the leftovers in the fridge.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	leftovers	leftover	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fridge	fridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | the leftovers |  | the fridge |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent leftover=Theme in fridge=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leftover turkey makes good sandwiches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leftovers:x3:1
# text = Leftover turkey makes good sandwiches.
1	Leftover	leftover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	turkey	turkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sandwiches	sandwich	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Leftover turkey | good sandwiches |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sandwich=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use the leftover paper for another project.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leftovers:x4:1
# text = Use the leftover paper for another project.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	leftover	leftover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | the leftover paper |  |  |  | for another project | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent paper=Theme for project=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't eat leftovers that smell bad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leftovers:x5:1
# text = Don't eat leftovers that smell bad.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	leftovers	leftover	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	smell	smell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **eat** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | leftovers |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leftover=Patient |
| 2 | **smell** | present | leftovers |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cool leftovers before you put them in the fridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leftovers:x6:1
# text = Cool leftovers before you put them in the fridge.
1	Cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	leftovers	leftover	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	put	put	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fridge	fridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | present | Cool leftovers | them *= they* |  | the fridge |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme in fridge=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
17 sweets shared among 5: each gets 3, with 2 left over.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leftovers:x7:1
# text = 17 sweets shared among 5: each gets 3, with 2 left over.
1	17	17	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	shared	share	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	among	among	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	nsubj	_	_
8	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
9	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
14	over	over	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | participle |  | 17 sweets *not said here* |  |  |  | among 5 | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** | present | each | 3 |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer 3=Stimulus |
| 3 | **leave over** | participle · passive |  | 2 |  |  |  | over *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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