---
title: legislation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «legislation» in the school dictionary: Legislation is a law or a set of laws made by a parliament or government. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# legislation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Legislation, process, New legislation, countries, Making · **What happens:** be, make, ban, smoke, debate, protect · **To what, where:** law, laws, cars, legislation, wild birds, strict legislation

<!-- .vabout -->
«legislation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [legislation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/legislation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Legislation is a law or a set of laws made by a parliament or government.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:legislation:m1:1
# text = Legislation is a law or a set of laws made by a parliament or government.
1	Legislation	legislation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	parliament	parliament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Legislation | a law or a set of laws |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | laws *not said here* |  |  |  | by a parliament or government | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The process of making laws.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:legislation:m2:1
# text = The process of making laws.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	process	process	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund | the process *not said here* | laws |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset law=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
New legislation bans smoking in cars with children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:legislation:x1:1
# text = New legislation bans smoking in cars with children.
1	New	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	legislation	legislation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bans	ban	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	smoking	smoke	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ban** | present | New legislation |  |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **smoke** | gerund | New legislation *not said here* |  |  | cars |  | with children | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with child=Instrument |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Parliament debated the legislation for weeks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:legislation:x2:1
# text = Parliament debated the legislation for weeks.
1	Parliament	Parliament	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	debated	debate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	legislation	legislation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **debate** | participle |  | the legislation |  |  | week |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent legislation=Co-Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The legislation protects wild birds and their nests.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:legislation:x3:1
# text = The legislation protects wild birds and their nests.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	legislation	legislation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	protects	protect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	nests	nest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present | the legislation |  | wild birds and birds's nests |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Beneficiary |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some countries have strict legislation about plastic bags.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:legislation:x4:1
# text = Some countries have strict legislation about plastic bags.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	strict	strict	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	legislation	legislation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | some countries | strict legislation |  |  |  | about plastic bags | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent legislation=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Making legislation is the job of parliament.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:legislation:x5:1
# text = Making legislation is the job of parliament.
1	Making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	legislation	legislation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	parliament	parliament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund |  | legislation |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset legislation=Product |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Making | the job |  |  |  | of parliament | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The legislation will come into force next year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:legislation:x6:1
# text = The legislation will come into force next year.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	legislation	legislation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | future | the legislation |  |  | force | year |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into force=Initial\_Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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