---
title: lemon — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lemon» in the school dictionary: A lemon is an oval yellow fruit with sour juice and thick peel. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lemon

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lemon, that, you, Lemons, Mum, Lemon juice · **What happens:** be, not work, squeeze, taste, make, write · **To what, where:** oval yellow fruit, taste, something, lemon, water, drizzle cake

<!-- .vabout -->
«lemon» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lemon in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lemon.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lemon is an oval yellow fruit with sour juice and thick peel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lemon:m1:1
# text = A lemon is an oval yellow fruit with sour juice and thick peel.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lemon	lemon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	oval	oval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	sour	sour	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	peel	peel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lemon | a oval yellow fruit |  |  |  | with sour juice and thick peel | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lemon is the taste or colour of this fruit: lemon cake, lemon yellow.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lemon:m2:1
# text = Lemon is the taste or colour of this fruit: lemon cake, lemon yellow.
1	Lemon	lemon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	taste	taste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	lemon	lemon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	lemon	lemon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lemon | the taste or colour of this fruit and lemon cake and lemon |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Informally, a lemon is something, often a car, that does not work properly.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lemon:m3:1
# text = Informally, a lemon is something, often a car, that does not work properly.
1	Informally	informally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lemon	lemon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	nsubj	_	_
13	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
16	properly	properly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lemon | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **work** | present · do-support | that |  |  |  |  | properly *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Squeeze a lemon into the water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lemon:x1:1
# text = Squeeze a lemon into the water.
1	Squeeze	squeeze	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	lemon	lemon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **squeeze** | imperative | you *not said here* | a lemon |  | the water |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent lemon=Material into water=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lemons taste very sour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lemon:x2:1
# text = Lemons taste very sour.
1	Lemons	lemon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	taste	taste	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	sour	sour	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **taste** | present | Lemons |  |  |  |  | sour *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum made a lemon drizzle cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lemon:x3:1
# text = Mum made a lemon drizzle cake.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	lemon	lemon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	drizzle	drizzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Mum | a drizzle cake |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lemon juice is an acid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lemon:x4:1
# text = Lemon juice is an acid.
1	Lemon	lemon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lemon juice | a acid |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We wrote secret messages with lemon juice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lemon:x5:1
# text = We wrote secret messages with lemon juice.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	messages	message	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	lemon	lemon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | We | secret messages |  |  |  | with lemon juice | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lemons cost 30 cents each, so 5 lemons cost $1.50.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lemon:x6:1
# text = Lemons cost 30 cents each, so 5 lemons cost $1.50.
1	Lemons	lemon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cost	cost	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	cents	cent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	lemons	lemon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	cost	cost	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	$	$	SYM	$	_	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	1.50	1.50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Frac	11	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | Lemons | 30 cents  each |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme cent=Value |
| 2 | **cost** | present | 5 lemons |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme $=Value |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She painted her room lemon yellow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lemon:x7:1
# text = She painted her room lemon yellow.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	painted	paint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	lemon	lemon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | past | She | her room lemon |  |  |  | yellow *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent lemon=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When life gives you lemons, make lemonade!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lemon:x8:1
# text = When life gives you lemons, make lemonade!
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	3	mark	_	_
2	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	lemons	lemon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	lemonade	lemonade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | life | lemons | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient lemon=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | imperative | you *not said here* | lemonade |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset lemonade=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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