---
title: lengthened — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lengthened» in the school dictionary: Lengthened means made longer, or became longer. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/lengthened/)

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# lengthened

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** days, Gran, I, 2 cm, perimeter, He · **What happens:** lengthen, mean, make, become, describe, grow · **To what, where:** time, lesson, school skirt, days, shadows, evening sun. · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lengthened» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lengthened in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lengthened.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lengthened means made longer, or became longer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lengthened:m1:1
# text = Lengthened means made longer, or became longer.
1	Lengthened	lengthen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lengthen** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **become** | past |  |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lengthened can describe time: days lengthen in spring, a lesson can be lengthened.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lengthened:m2:1
# text = Lengthened can describe time: days lengthen in spring, a lesson can be lengthened.
1	Lengthened	lengthen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lengthen	lengthen	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	lengthened	lengthen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lengthen** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **describe** | can |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **lengthen** | present | days | time *not said here* |  |  | spring |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent time=Patient |
| 4 | **lengthen** | can · passive |  | a lesson |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gran lengthened my school skirt because I had grown.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lengthened:x1:1
# text = Gran lengthened my school skirt because I had grown.
1	Gran	gran	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lengthened	lengthen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	skirt	skirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lengthen** | participle | Gran | my school skirt |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent skirt=Patient |
| 2 | **grow** | past · perfect | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The days lengthened as spring came.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lengthened:x2:1
# text = The days lengthened as spring came.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	lengthened	lengthen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lengthen** | participle |  | the days *not said here* |  |  | spring |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **come** | past | the days |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shadows lengthened in the evening sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lengthened:x3:1
# text = The shadows lengthened in the evening sun.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	lengthened	lengthen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lengthen** | participle |  | the shadows *not said here* |  | the evening sun. |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The playtime was lengthened by ten minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lengthened:x4:1
# text = The playtime was lengthened by ten minutes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	playtime	playtime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	lengthened	lengthen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lengthen** | past · passive |  | the playtime |  |  | minute |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bridge was lengthened to cross the wider river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lengthened:x5:1
# text = The bridge was lengthened to cross the wider river.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	lengthened	lengthen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	wider	wide	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lengthen** | past · passive |  | the bridge |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **cross** | to-infinitive |  | the wider river |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When each side of the square was lengthened by 2 cm, its perimeter grew by 8 cm.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lengthened:x6:1
# text = When each side of the square was lengthened by 2 cm, its perimeter grew by 8 cm.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
2	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	lengthened	lengthen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	perimeter	perimeter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lengthen** | past · passive | 2 cm | each side of the square |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **grow** | past | side's perimeter |  |  |  |  | by 8 cm | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by cm=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He returned after a lengthened absence, and sat down wearily upon his throne.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lengthened:x7:1
# text = He returned after a lengthened absence, and sat down wearily upon his throne.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	lengthened	lengthen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	down	down	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	wearily	wearily	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	throne	throne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** | past | He |  |  |  | after a lengthened absence |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **lengthen** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **sit down** | past | He *not said here* |  |  | his throne |  | wearily *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon throne=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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