---
title: lens — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lens» in the school dictionary: A lens is a curved piece of glass or plastic that bends light to make things look bigger, smaller or clearer, used in glasses, cameras, microscopes and telescopes. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lens

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lens, curved piece, things, pupil, contact lens, you · **What happens:** be, bend, make, look, use, focus · **To what, where:** curved piece, light, things, glasses, clear part, thin lens

<!-- .vabout -->
«lens» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lens in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lens.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lens is a curved piece of glass or plastic that bends light to make things look bigger, smaller or clearer, used in glasses, cameras, microscopes and telescopes.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lens:m1:1
# text = A lens is a curved piece of glass or plastic that bends light to make things look bigger, smaller or clearer, used in glasses, cameras, microscopes and telescopes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lens	lens	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	curved	curved	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	bends	bend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
13	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
16	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
17	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	18	conj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	clearer	clear	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	cameras	camera	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	microscopes	microscope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	telescopes	telescope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lens | a curved piece |  |  |  | of glass or plastic | tree rules |
| 2 | **bend** | present | a curved piece | light |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent light=Material |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive | a curved piece *not said here* | things |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **look** | infinitive | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  | big *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 5 | **use** | participle |  |  |  | glasses and cameras and microscopes and telescopes |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lens of the eye is the clear part behind the pupil that focuses light.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lens:m2:1
# text = The lens of the eye is the clear part behind the pupil that focuses light.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lens	lens	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	focuses	focus	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the lens of the eye | the clear part |  |  |  | behind the pupil | tree rules |
| 2 | **focus** | present | the pupil | light |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A contact lens is a thin lens you wear on your eye.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lens:m3:1
# text = A contact lens is a thin lens you wear on your eye.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	contact	contact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	lens	lens	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lens	lens	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	wear	wear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a contact lens | a thin lens |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **wear** | present | you | a thin lens *not said here* |  | your eye |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent lens=Source |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A magnifying glass has a convex lens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lens:x1:1
# text = A magnifying glass has a convex lens.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	magnifying	magnify	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	convex	convex	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lens	lens	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **magnify** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | present | a magnifying glass | a convex lens |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lens=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clean the camera lens before you take a photo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lens:x2:1
# text = Clean the camera lens before you take a photo.
1	Clean	clean	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	lens	lens	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | imperative | you *not said here* | the camera lens |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent lens=Patient |
| 2 | **take** | present | you | a photo |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent photo=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My aunt wears contact lenses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lens:x3:1
# text = My aunt wears contact lenses.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wears	wear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	contact	contact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	lenses	lens	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | My aunt | contact lenses |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent lens=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lens in your eye focuses light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lens:x4:1
# text = The lens in your eye focuses light.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lens	lens	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	focuses	focus	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **focus** | present | the lens in your eye | light |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A microscope uses lenses to make tiny things look big.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lens:x5:1
# text = A microscope uses lenses to make tiny things look big.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	microscope	microscope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	lenses	lens	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
10	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | a microscope | lenses |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lens=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | a microscope *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **look** | present | tiny things |  |  |  |  | big *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The telescope's lens collected light from the stars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lens:x6:1
# text = The telescope's lens collected light from the stars.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	telescope	telescope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	lens	lens	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	collected	collect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | past | the telescope's lens | light |  | the stars |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent light=Theme from star=Source |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never look at the Sun through a lens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lens:x7:1
# text = Never look at the Sun through a lens.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lens	lens	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | through a lens; at the Sun | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at sun=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My glasses have thick lenses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lens:x8:1
# text = My glasses have thick lenses.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	lenses	lens	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My glasses | thick lenses |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lens=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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