---
title: leopard — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «leopard» in the school dictionary: A leopard is a big wild cat with yellow fur covered in dark spots called rosettes; it lives in Africa and parts of Asia. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# leopard

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** leopard, dark spots, Leopards, Leopard print, pattern, spots · **What happens:** be, cover, call, live, drag up, keep · **To what, where:** big wild cat, yellow fur, rosettes, Africa, strong climbers, food · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«leopard» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [leopard in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/leopard.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A leopard is a big wild cat with yellow fur covered in dark spots called rosettes; it lives in Africa and parts of Asia.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leopard:m1:1
# text = A leopard is a big wild cat with yellow fur covered in dark spots called rosettes; it lives in Africa and parts of Asia.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leopard	leopard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
16	rosettes	rosette	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a leopard | a big wild cat |  |  |  | with yellow fur | tree rules |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  | yellow fur *not said here* |  |  |  | in dark spots | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in spot=Theme |
| 3 | **call** | participle | dark spots *not said here* | rosettes |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **live** | present | leopard |  |  | Africa |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in africa=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leopards are strong climbers and often drag their food up into trees to keep it safe from lions and hyenas.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leopard:m2:1
# text = Leopards are strong climbers and often drag their food up into trees to keep it safe from lions and hyenas.
1	Leopards	leopard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	climbers	climber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	often	often	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	drag	drag	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	up	up	ADV	RB	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	hyenas	hyena	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Leopards | strong climbers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **drag up** | present | Leopards *not said here* | Leopards's food |  | trees |  | often *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme |
| 3 | **keep** | to-infinitive | Leopards *not said here* | food |  |  |  | safe *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Leopard print» is a pattern on clothes that looks like a leopard's spots.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leopard:m3:1
# text = «Leopard print» is a pattern on clothes that looks like a leopard's spots.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Leopard	leopard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	print	print	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	7	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	leopard	leopard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Leopard print | a pattern |  | clothes |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | present | a pattern |  |  |  |  | like a leopard's spots | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leopard rested on a branch in the afternoon heat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leopard:x1:1
# text = The leopard rested on a branch in the afternoon heat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leopard	leopard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	rested	rest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rest** | participle |  | the leopard *not said here* |  | a branch |  | in the afternoon heat | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on branch=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A leopard's spots help it hide in the long grass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leopard:x2:1
# text = A leopard's spots help it hide in the long grass.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leopard	leopard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | a leopard's spots | leopard |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **hide** | infinitive | leopard *not said here* |  |  | the long grass |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in grass=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leopard dragged its catch up into a tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leopard:x3:1
# text = The leopard dragged its catch up into a tree.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leopard	leopard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dragged	drag	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drag** | past | the leopard |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **catch up** | infinitive | the leopard *not said here* |  |  | a tree |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leopards hunt mostly at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leopard:x4:1
# text = Leopards hunt mostly at night.
1	Leopards	leopard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hunt	hunt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | present | Leopards |  |  |  | night | mostly *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A black panther is often a leopard with very dark fur.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leopard:x5:1
# text = A black panther is often a leopard with very dark fur.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	panther	panther	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	often	often	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	leopard	leopard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a black panther | a leopard |  |  |  | with dark fur; often *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gran wore a leopard-print scarf.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leopard:x6:1
# text = Gran wore a leopard-print scarf.
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	leopard	leopard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	print	print	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	scarf	scarf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | Gran | a print scarf |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent scarf=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«A leopard can't change its spots», said Dad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leopard:x7:1
# text = «A leopard can't change its spots», said Dad.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	leopard	leopard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **change** *in a quote* | can | a leopard | leopard's spots |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Dad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There you will see many wild beasts—lions, tigers, leopards, apes, and so on.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leopard:x8:1
# text = There you will see many wild beasts—lions, tigers, leopards, apes, and so on.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	tigers	tiger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	leopards	leopard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	on	on	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | future | you | many wild beasts and lions and tigers and leopards and apes |  | there |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer beast=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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