---
title: leprosy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «leprosy» in the school dictionary: An illness caused by germs (bacteria) that harms the skin and nerves, so people can lose feeling in their hands and feet. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/leprosy/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [L](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/) / leprosy

# leprosy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** illness, people, leprosy, Jesus, ten men, Father · **What happens:** cause, harm, lose, mean, have, live · **To what, where:** illness, skin, feeling, hands, several skin diseases, lepers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«leprosy» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [leprosy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/leprosy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An illness caused by germs (bacteria) that harms the skin and nerves, so people can lose feeling in their hands and feet.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leprosy:m1:1
# text = An illness caused by germs (bacteria) that harms the skin and nerves, so people can lose feeling in their hands and feet.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	harms	harm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	nerves	nerve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
18	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	lose	lose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
20	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | participle |  | a illness *not said here* |  |  |  | by germs | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **harm** | present | a illness | the skin and nerves |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus skin=Experiencer |
| 3 | **lose** | can | people | feeling |  | people's hands and feet |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feeling=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the Bible, «leprosy» meant several skin diseases; people with it had to live apart, and Jesus healed lepers.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leprosy:m2:1
# text = In the Bible, «leprosy» meant several skin diseases; people with it had to live apart, and Jesus healed lepers.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	leprosy	leprosy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	diseases	disease	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nmod	_	_
16	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	healed	heal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
24	lepers	leper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | leprosy | several skin diseases |  |  |  | in the Bible | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot disease=Theme in bible=Attribute |
| 2 | **have** | past | people with leprosy |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **live** | to-infinitive | people with leprosy *not said here* |  |  |  |  | apart *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **heal** | past | Jesus | lepers |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent leper=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jesus healed ten men who had leprosy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leprosy:x1:1
# text = Jesus healed ten men who had leprosy.
1	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	healed	heal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	leprosy	leprosy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heal** | past | Jesus | ten men |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent man=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | past | ten men | leprosy |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leprosy=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leprosy can now be cured with medicine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leprosy:x2:1
# text = Leprosy can now be cured with medicine.
1	Leprosy	leprosy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	cured	cure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cure** | can · passive |  | Leprosy |  |  | now | with medicine | vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In old times people with leprosy had to live outside the town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leprosy:x3:1
# text = In old times people with leprosy had to live outside the town.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	leprosy	leprosy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | people with leprosy |  |  |  | time |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | to-infinitive | people with leprosy *not said here* |  |  | the town |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme outside town=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leprosy harms the nerves, so people may not feel pain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leprosy:x4:1
# text = Leprosy harms the nerves, so people may not feel pain.
1	Leprosy	leprosy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	harms	harm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	nerves	nerve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
8	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
11	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harm** | present | Leprosy | the nerves |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus nerve=Experiencer |
| 2 | **not** **feel** | may | people | pain |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Father Damien cared for people with leprosy in Hawaii.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leprosy:x5:1
# text = Father Damien cared for people with leprosy in Hawaii.
1	Father	Father	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Damien	Damien	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	cared	care	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	leprosy	leprosy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Hawaii	Hawaii	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **care** | past | Father |  |  | Hawaii |  | for people; with leprosy | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for people=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Charities still help people with leprosy around the world.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leprosy:x6:1
# text = Charities still help people with leprosy around the world.
1	Charities	charity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	still	still	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	leprosy	leprosy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	around	around	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Charities |  | people |  | still | with leprosy around the world | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary with leprosy=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The first said: “Let her be struck with leprosy in her face.”

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:leprosy:x7:1
# text = The first said: “Let her be struck with leprosy in her face.”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	first	first	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
7	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	struck	strike	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	xcomp	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	leprosy	leprosy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the first |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | first |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **strike** *in a quote* | infinitive · passive | first *not said here* |  |  | first's face |  | with leprosy | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: in face=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [leprechaun](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/leprechaun/)
- next →: [ler](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/ler/)
- ↑ back to [L in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/)