---
title: lesson — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lesson» in the school dictionary: A lesson is a time when you are taught something: a maths lesson. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lesson

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lesson, you, That, I, first lesson, tortoise · **What happens:** be, teach, learn, happen, study, share · **To what, where:** time, you, something, part, lesson, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lesson» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lesson in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lesson.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lesson is a time when you are taught something: a maths lesson.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lesson:m1:1
# text = A lesson is a time when you are taught something: a maths lesson.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	taught	teach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	maths	maths	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lesson | a time |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **teach** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient something=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lesson is something you learn from what happens to you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lesson:m2:1
# text = A lesson is something you learn from what happens to you.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	learn	learn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	nsubj	_	_
9	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lesson | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **learn** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **happen** | present |  |  | you |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That taught me a lesson.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lesson:m2e:1
# text = That taught me a lesson.
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj	_	_
2	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | That | a lesson | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient lesson=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lesson can be a part of a book or course to study.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lesson:m3:1
# text = A lesson can be a part of a book or course to study.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	study	study	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a lesson | a part |  |  |  | of a book or course | tree rules |
| 2 | **study** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Today's lesson: Sharing equally.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lesson:x1:1
# text = Today's lesson: Sharing equally.
1	Today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Sharing	share	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
6	equally	equally	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | equally *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Today's lesson: Multiplying as equal groups.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lesson:x2:1
# text = Today's lesson: Multiplying as equal groups.
1	Today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Multiplying	multiply	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	equal	equal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **multiply** | gerund | Today's lesson *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as equal groups | vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each lesson lasts 40 minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lesson:x3:1
# text = Each lesson lasts 40 minutes.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | present | each lesson |  |  |  | minute |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have a swimming lesson on Saturday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lesson:x4:1
# text = I have a swimming lesson on Saturday.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Saturday	Saturday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I | a swimming lesson |  |  |  | on Saturday | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lesson=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our first lesson today is science.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lesson:x5:1
# text = Our first lesson today is science.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Our first lesson | today science |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tortoise and the hare teaches a lesson: slow and steady wins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lesson:x6:1
# text = The tortoise and the hare teaches a lesson: slow and steady wins.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tortoise	tortoise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hare	hare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	teaches	teach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	steady	steady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
13	wins	win	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | the tortoise and the hare | a lesson and slow wins |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lesson=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I learned my lesson: always save my work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lesson:x7:1
# text = I learned my lesson: always save my work.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	7	advmod	_	_
7	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | I | my lesson |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lesson=Topic |
| 2 | **save** | infinitive | I *not said here* | my work |  |  |  | always *property* | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Theme |
| 3 | **work** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We have 5 lessons each day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lesson:x8:1
# text = We have 5 lessons each day.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	lessons	lesson	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | We | 5 lessons |  |  | day |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lesson=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oh, I took a lesson from the Ass."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lesson:x9:1
# text = Oh, I took a lesson from the Ass."
1	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Ass	ass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | I | a lesson |  | the Ass |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent lesson=Theme from ass=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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