---
title: lexical — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lexical» in the school dictionary: Lexical means to do with words and their meanings, or with the vocabulary of a language. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lexical

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lexical, words, Nouns, dictionary, lesson, We · **What happens:** mean, do, be, look, know · **To what, where:** lexical words, big lexical list, lexical difference, many words · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lexical» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lexical in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lexical.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lexical means to do with words and their meanings, or with the vocabulary of a language.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lexical:m1:1
# text = Lexical means to do with words and their meanings, or with the vocabulary of a language.
1	Lexical	Lexical	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	meanings	meaning	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Lexical |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with words and words's meanings | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mean** |  | words *= word* |  |  |  |  |  | nom meaning «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nouns and verbs are lexical words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lexical:x1:1
# text = Nouns and verbs are lexical words.
1	Nouns	noun	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	verbs	verb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	lexical	lexical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Nouns and verbs | lexical words |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dictionary is a big lexical list.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lexical:x2:1
# text = A dictionary is a big lexical list.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	lexical	lexical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dictionary | a big lexical list |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lesson was about lexical meaning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lexical:x3:1
# text = The lesson was about lexical meaning.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	lexical	lexical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the lesson |  |  |  |  | about lexical meaning | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We looked at the lexical differences between British and American English.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lexical:x4:1
# text = We looked at the lexical differences between British and American English.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	lexical	lexical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	differences	difference	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	between	between	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
11	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | We |  |  |  |  | at the lexical differences between British English | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at difference=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Lift» and «elevator» are a lexical difference.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lexical:x5:1
# text = «Lift» and «elevator» are a lexical difference.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Lift	lift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	elevator	elevator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	lexical	lexical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	difference	difference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lift and elevator | a lexical difference |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lexical knowledge means knowing many words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lexical:x6:1
# text = Lexical knowledge means knowing many words.
1	Lexical	lexical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	knowing	know	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Lexical knowledge |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **know** *not said to happen* | gerund | Lexical knowledge *not said here* | many words |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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