---
title: lieu — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lieu» in the school dictionary: In lieu of something means instead of it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lieu

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, Dad, you, school, He, lieu · **What happens:** mean, get, take off, work, give, pay · **To what, where:** gift card, lieu, charity, She, extra reading, chores

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«lieu» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lieu in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lieu.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In lieu of something means instead of it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lieu:m1:1
# text = In lieu of something means instead of it.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	lieu	lieu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | instead lieu; in lieu of something | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in lieu=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We got a gift card in lieu of a prize.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lieu:x1:1
# text = We got a gift card in lieu of a prize.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	lieu	lieu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | We | a gift card |  | lieu of a prize |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer card=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad took a day off in lieu after working on Saturday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lieu:x2:1
# text = Dad took a day off in lieu after working on Saturday.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	lieu	lieu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Saturday	Saturday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take off** | past | Dad |  |  | lieu | day |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **work** | gerund | Dad *not said here* |  |  |  | saturday |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In lieu of flowers, please give to charity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lieu:x3:1
# text = In lieu of flowers, please give to charity.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	lieu	lieu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	_
7	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	charity	charity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | imperative | you *not said here* |  | charity | lieu of flowers |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to charity=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was paid in lieu of notice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lieu:x4:1
# text = She was paid in lieu of notice.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	paid	pay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	lieu	lieu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	notice	notice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | past · passive |  | She |  | lieu of notice |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school gave extra reading in lieu of homework.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lieu:x5:1
# text = The school gave extra reading in lieu of homework.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	lieu	lieu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the school | extra reading |  | lieu of homework |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reading=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He did chores in lieu of paying rent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lieu:x6:1
# text = He did chores in lieu of paying rent.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	chores	chore	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	lieu	lieu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	paying	pay	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	rent	rent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | He | chores |  | lieu |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chore=Eventuality |
| 2 | **pay** | gerund | lieu *not said here* | rent |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rent=Asset |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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