---
title: lieutenant — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lieutenant» in the school dictionary: An officer in the army, navy or air force, of a junior to middle rank. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lieutenant

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, lieutenant, great grandad, gang leader, police lieutenant, chief lieutenant · **What happens:** help, act, lead, be, send, do · **To what, where:** deputy, soldiers, river, lieutenant, navy, dirty work

<!-- .vabout -->
«lieutenant» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lieutenant in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lieutenant.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An officer in the army, navy or air force, of a junior to middle rank.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lieutenant:m1:1
# text = An officer in the army, navy or air force, of a junior to middle rank.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	officer	officer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	navy	navy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	junior	junior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	middle	middle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	rank	rank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who helps and acts for a leader; a deputy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lieutenant:m2:1
# text = A person who helps and acts for a leader; a deputy.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	acts	act	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	deputy	deputy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | a person | a deputy |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **act** | present | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for a leader | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: US — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A police or fire officer of middle rank.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lieutenant:m3:1
# text = A police or fire officer of middle rank.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	police	police	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	officer	officer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	middle	middle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rank	rank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lieutenant led his soldiers across the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lieutenant:x1:1
# text = The lieutenant led his soldiers across the river.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lieutenant	lieutenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	across	across	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | the lieutenant | lieutenant's soldiers |  | the river |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent soldier=Theme across river=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My great-grandad was a lieutenant in the navy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lieutenant:x2:1
# text = My great-grandad was a lieutenant in the navy.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lieutenant	lieutenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	navy	navy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | My great grandad | a lieutenant |  | the navy |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gang leader sent his lieutenant to do the dirty work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lieutenant:x3:1
# text = The gang leader sent his lieutenant to do the dirty work.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	gang	gang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	lieutenant	lieutenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | the gang leader | leader's lieutenant |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lieutenant=Theme |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive | the gang leader *not said here* | the dirty work |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lieutenant Smith gave the order to march.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lieutenant:x4:1
# text = Lieutenant Smith gave the order to march.
1	Lieutenant	Lieutenant	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Smith	Smith	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	march	march	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Lieutenant | the order |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent order=Theme |
| 2 | **march** | to-infinitive | Lieutenant *not said here* | the order *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the US, a police lieutenant is above a sergeant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lieutenant:x5:1
# text = In the US, a police lieutenant is above a sergeant.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	police	police	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	lieutenant	lieutenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	above	above	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sergeant	sergeant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a police lieutenant |  |  | a sergeant |  | in the US | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The captain's chief lieutenant took over the ship.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lieutenant:x6:1
# text = The captain's chief lieutenant took over the ship.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	chief	chief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	lieutenant	lieutenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take over** | past | the captain's chief lieutenant | the ship |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ship=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Canada, each province has a Lieutenant Governor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lieutenant:x7:1
# text = In Canada, each province has a Lieutenant Governor.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	province	province	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Lieutenant	Lieutenant	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Governor	Governor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each province | a Lieutenant Governor |  | Canada |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent governor=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"No doubt, they belong to the lieutenant who lives up stairs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lieutenant:x8:1
# text = "No doubt, they belong to the lieutenant who lives up stairs.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	det	_	_
3	doubt	doubt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	belong	belong	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lieutenant	lieutenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	stairs	stair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** *in a quote* | present | no doubt |  |  |  |  | to the lieutenant | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **live up** *in a quote* | present | the lieutenant | stairs |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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