---
title: lightweight — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lightweight» in the school dictionary: Lightweight means not heavy, weighing less than usual. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lightweight

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lightweight, person, lightweight jacket, Aluminium, you, she · **What happens:** mean, weigh, be, not be, handle, get · **To what, where:** less, boxer, person, lightweight metal, lightweight clothes, lightweight

<!-- .vabout -->
«lightweight» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lightweight in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lightweight.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lightweight means not heavy, weighing less than usual.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lightweight:m1:1
# text = Lightweight means not heavy, weighing less than usual.
1	Lightweight	lightweight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	weighing	weigh	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	advcl	_	_
7	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	obj	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Lightweight |  |  |  |  | heavy *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **weigh** | gerund | Lightweight *not said here* | less |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme less=Value |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: sport — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lightweight is a boxer or other fighter in a lighter weight class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lightweight:m2:1
# text = A lightweight is a boxer or other fighter in a lighter weight class.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lightweight	lightweight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boxer	boxer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	fighter	fighter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
12	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lightweight | a boxer or other fighter in a lighter weight class |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, insult — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lightweight is a person who is not important, serious or able to handle much, like someone who gets tired easily.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lightweight:m3:1
# text = A lightweight is a person who is not important, serious or able to handle much, like someone who gets tired easily.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lightweight	lightweight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	handle	handle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	much	much	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	15	obl	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
21	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
22	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	xcomp	_	_
23	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lightweight | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | a person |  |  |  |  | important *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **handle** | to-infinitive | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like someone | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **get** | present |  |  |  |  |  | easily, tired *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This lightweight jacket is good for spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lightweight:x1:1
# text = This lightweight jacket is good for spring.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	lightweight	lightweight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	jacket	jacket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this lightweight jacket |  |  |  | spring | good *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Aluminium is a lightweight metal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lightweight:x2:1
# text = Aluminium is a lightweight metal.
1	Aluminium	aluminium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	lightweight	lightweight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Aluminium | a lightweight metal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He boxes as a lightweight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lightweight:x3:1
# text = He boxes as a lightweight.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	boxes	box	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lightweight	lightweight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pack lightweight clothes for camping.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lightweight:x4:1
# text = Pack lightweight clothes for camping.
1	Pack	pack	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	lightweight	lightweight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	camping	camping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pack** | imperative | you *not said here* | lightweight clothes |  |  |  | for camping | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme clothes=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«You're such a lightweight!» she teased when he went to bed early.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lightweight:x5:1
# text = «You're such a lightweight!» she teased when he went to bed early.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	6	det:predet	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lightweight	lightweight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	teased	tease	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | You | such lightweight |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tease** | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn ferret-35.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **go** | past | he |  |  | bed |  | early *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to bed=Initial\_Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plane is built from lightweight materials.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lightweight:x6:1
# text = The plane is built from lightweight materials.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	lightweight	lightweight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	materials	material	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | present · passive |  | the plane |  | lightweight materials |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from material=Material |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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