---
title: likewise — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «likewise» in the school dictionary: Likewise means in the same way: «Watch me and do likewise.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# likewise

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, you, Jen, brother, Tom, Sue · **What happens:** mean, watch, do, add, feel, fold · **To what, where:** same way, me, similar point, same, paper, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«likewise» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [likewise in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/likewise.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Likewise means in the same way: «Watch me and do likewise.».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:likewise:m1:1
# text = Likewise means in the same way: «Watch me and do likewise.».
1	Likewise	likewise	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Watch	watch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
10	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
13	likewise	likewise	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | the same way |  | likewise *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **watch** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | me |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 3 | **do** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | likewise *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Likewise means also or as well, when adding a similar point.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:likewise:m2:1
# text = Likewise means also or as well, when adding a similar point.
1	Likewise	likewise	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	as	as	ADV	RB	_	3	conj	_	_
6	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
9	adding	add	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | likewise *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | a similar point |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent point=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Likewise» as a reply means «the same to you» or «I feel the same».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:likewise:m3:1
# text = «Likewise» as a reply means «the same to you» or «I feel the same».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Likewise	likewise	ADV	RB	_	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	reply	reply	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  | the same |  |  |  | as a reply | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent same=Topic as reply=Attribute |
| 2 | **feel** *in a quote* | present | I | the same |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent same=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Watch how I fold the paper, then do likewise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:likewise:x1:1
# text = Watch how I fold the paper, then do likewise.
1	Watch	watch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fold	fold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	_
9	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
10	likewise	likewise	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fold** | present | I | the paper |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent paper=Patient |
| 3 | **do** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  | then | likewise *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Nice to meet you.» — «Likewise.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:likewise:x2:1
# text = «Nice to meet you.» — «Likewise.»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Nice	nice	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	meet	meet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
8	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Likewise	likewise	ADV	RB	_	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** *in a quote* | to-infinitive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Co-Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jen wore a hat, and her brother did likewise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:likewise:x3:1
# text = Jen wore a hat, and her brother did likewise.
1	Jen	Jen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	likewise	likewise	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | Jen | a hat |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme |
| 2 | **do** | past | Jen's brother |  |  |  |  | likewise *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom left early; likewise, Sue went home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:likewise:x4:1
# text = Tom left early; likewise, Sue went home.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	likewise	likewise	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	Sue	Sue	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	home	home	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | Tom |  |  |  |  | early *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | past | Sue |  |  |  |  | home, likewise *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The first sum is easy; likewise the second.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:likewise:x5:1
# text = The first sum is easy; likewise the second.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	likewise	likewise	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the first sum |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the first sum *not said here* |  |  |  |  | likewise *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cats need water; likewise, dogs do.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:likewise:x6:1
# text = Cats need water; likewise, dogs do.
1	Cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
5	likewise	likewise	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Cats | water |  |  |  | likewise *property* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot water=Theme |
| 2 | **do** | present | dogs |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A man attempts to do likewise, but fails.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:likewise:x7:1
# text = A man attempts to do likewise, but fails.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	attempts	attempt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	likewise	likewise	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	fails	fail	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attempt** | present | a man |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a man *not said here* |  |  |  |  | likewise *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fail** | present | a man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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