---
title: limb — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «limb» in the school dictionary: A limb is an arm or a leg. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# limb

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** limb, idea others, Humans, starfish, you, He · **What happens:** be, mean, not support, have, grow back, lose · **To what, where:** arm, large branch, four limbs, lost limb, dead limb, artificial limb

<!-- .vabout -->
«limb» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [limb in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/limb.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A limb is an arm or a leg.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:limb:m1:1
# text = A limb is an arm or a leg.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	limb	limb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a limb | a arm or a leg |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A limb is a large branch of a tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:limb:m2:1
# text = A limb is a large branch of a tree.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	limb	limb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a limb | a large branch |  |  |  | of a tree | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Out on a limb» means alone, with an idea others do not support.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:limb:m3:1
# text = «Out on a limb» means alone, with an idea others do not support.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Out	out	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	limb	limb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
10	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
14	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	support	support	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | a limb |  |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **support** | present · do-support | a idea others |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Humans have four limbs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:limb:x1:1
# text = Humans have four limbs.
1	Humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	limbs	limb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Humans | four limbs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent limb=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A starfish can grow back a lost limb.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:limb:x2:1
# text = A starfish can grow back a lost limb.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	starfish	starfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	limb	limb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow back** | can | a starfish | a lost limb |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location limb=Theme |
| 2 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't climb on that dead limb of the tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:limb:x3:1
# text = Don't climb on that dead limb of the tree.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	climb	climb	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
6	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	limb	limb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **climb** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | that dead limb of the tree |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on limb=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He has an artificial limb after an accident.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:limb:x4:1
# text = He has an artificial limb after an accident.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	artificial	artificial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	limb	limb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | He | a artificial limb |  |  | after a accident |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent limb=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm broke a limb off the oak tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:limb:x5:1
# text = The storm broke a limb off the oak tree.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	limb	limb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	off	off	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | the storm | a limb |  |  |  | off the oak tree | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent limb=Patient off tree=Co-Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My limbs ached after swimming.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:limb:x6:1
# text = My limbs ached after swimming.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	limbs	limb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ached	ache	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	swimming	swim	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ache** | past | My limbs |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **swim** | gerund | My limbs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She went out on a limb to help him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:limb:x7:1
# text = She went out on a limb to help him.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	limb	limb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go out** | past | She |  |  | a limb |  |  | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* |  | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My broken limb should excite your pity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:limb:x8:1
# text = My broken limb should excite your pity.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	limb	limb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	excite	excite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	pity	pity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **excite** | should | My broken limb | your pity |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus pity=Experiencer |
| 3 | **pity** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom pity «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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