---
title: linden — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «linden» in the school dictionary: A linden is a tree with heart-shaped leaves and sweet-smelling flowers, also called a lime tree. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# linden

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**Who acts:** linden, tree, We, linden flowers, Leaves · **What happens:** be, shape, smell, call, sit, fall · **To what, where:** tree, lime tree, linden tree, linden · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«linden» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [linden in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/linden.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A linden is a tree with heart-shaped leaves and sweet-smelling flowers, also called a lime tree.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:linden:m1:1
# text = A linden is a tree with heart-shaped leaves and sweet-smelling flowers, also called a lime tree.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	linden	linden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	smelling	smell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	amod	_	_
15	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	also	also	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	lime	lime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a linden | a tree |  |  |  | with shaped leaves and smelling flowers | tree rules |
| 2 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **smell** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **call** | participle | a tree *not said here* | a lime tree |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sat under the linden tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:linden:x1:1
# text = We sat under the linden tree.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	linden	linden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | We |  |  | the linden tree |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under tree=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The linden flowers smelled sweet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:linden:x2:1
# text = The linden flowers smelled sweet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	linden	linden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | past | the linden flowers |  |  |  |  | sweet *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leaves fell from the linden onto the grass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:linden:x3:1
# text = Leaves fell from the linden onto the grass.
1	Leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	linden	linden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | Leaves |  |  | the linden |  | onto the grass | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from linden=Initial\_Location onto grass=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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