---
title: linesman — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «linesman» in the school dictionary: An official who helps the referee or umpire by watching the lines of the pitch or court and showing with a flag when the ball goes out or a player is offside. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# linesman

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** official, ball, player, worker, linesman, players · **What happens:** help, watch, show, go out, be, put up · **To what, where:** referee, lines, telephone, flag, power lines, tennis

<!-- .vabout -->
«linesman» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [linesman in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/linesman.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: sport — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An official who helps the referee or umpire by watching the lines of the pitch or court and showing with a flag when the ball goes out or a player is offside.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:linesman:m1:1
# text = An official who helps the referee or umpire by watching the lines of the pitch or court and showing with a flag when the ball goes out or a player is offside.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	official	official	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	referee	referee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	umpire	umpire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	watching	watch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	pitch	pitch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	showing	show	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	flag	flag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	26	mark	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	_
27	out	out	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	_
28	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
31	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
32	offside	offside	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | a official | the referee or umpire |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent referee=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **watch** | gerund | a official *not said here* | the lines of the pitch or court |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Theme |
| 3 | **show** | gerund | a official *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with a flag | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **go out** | present | the ball |  |  |  |  |  | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | present | a player |  |  |  |  | offside *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A worker who puts up and repairs telephone or electricity lines, or railway lines.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:linesman:m2:1
# text = A worker who puts up and repairs telephone or electricity lines, or railway lines.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	worker	worker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	puts	put	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	repairs	repair	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	telephone	telephone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	railway	railway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put up** | present | a worker or railway lines |  |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **repair** | present | a worker or railway lines *not said here* | telephone or electricity lines |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent telephone=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The linesman raised his flag for offside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:linesman:x1:1
# text = The linesman raised his flag for offside.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	linesman	linesman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	flag	flag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	offside	offside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | past | the linesman | linesman's flag |  |  |  | for offside | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flag=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ball went out, and the linesman pointed for a throw-in.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:linesman:x2:1
# text = The ball went out, and the linesman pointed for a throw-in.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	linesman	linesman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	pointed	point	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	throw	throw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	in	in	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go out** | past | the ball |  |  |  |  |  | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **point** | past | the linesman |  |  |  |  | for a throw in | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The players argued with the linesman.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:linesman:x3:1
# text = The players argued with the linesman.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	argued	argue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	linesman	linesman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | past | the players |  |  |  |  | with the linesman | vn chit\_chat-37.6-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with linesman=Co-Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the storm, linesmen worked all night to fix the power lines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:linesman:x4:1
# text = After the storm, linesmen worked all night to fix the power lines.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	linesmen	linesman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	fix	fix	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | past | linesmen |  |  |  | after the storm; night |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **fix** | to-infinitive | linesmen *not said here* | the power lines |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent line=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In tennis, the linesman shouted «Out!».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:linesman:x5:1
# text = In tennis, the linesman shouted «Out!».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	tennis	tennis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	linesman	linesman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Out	out	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | the linesman |  |  | tennis |  | out *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The referee checked with the linesman before giving the goal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:linesman:x6:1
# text = The referee checked with the linesman before giving the goal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	referee	referee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	checked	check	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	linesman	linesman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | participle |  | the referee *not said here* |  |  |  | with the linesman | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **give** | gerund |  | the goal |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goal=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Linesmen climbed the poles to repair the broken cable.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:linesman:x7:1
# text = Linesmen climbed the poles to repair the broken cable.
1	Linesmen	linesman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	poles	pole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	repair	repair	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	cable	cable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | past | Linesmen | the poles |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location pole=Theme |
| 2 | **repair** | to-infinitive | Linesmen *not said here* | the broken cable |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent cable=Patient |
| 3 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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