---
title: liv — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «liv» in the school dictionary: A short form of «living», as in «liv rm» for living room in house adverts or notes. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# liv

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** short form, Scandinavian name, girl, Liv, house advert, score · **What happens:** live, mean, name, use, be, say · **To what, where:** life, short form, sports scores, best friend, school, 3 bed · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«liv» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [liv in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/liv.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A short form of «living», as in «liv rm» for living room in house adverts or notes.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:liv:m1:1
# text = A short form of «living», as in «liv rm» for living room in house adverts or notes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	liv	liv	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	rm	rm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	adverts	advert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** *in a quote* | gerund | a short form |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Liv: a girl's name, short for Olivia or a Scandinavian name meaning «life».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:liv:m2:1
# text = Liv: a girl's name, short for Olivia or a Scandinavian name meaning «life».
1	Liv	Liv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Olivia	Olivia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Scandinavian	scandinavian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | gerund | a Scandinavian name *not said here* | life |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Topic |
| 2 | **name** |  | a girl |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A short form sometimes used for Liverpool, especially in sports scores and lists.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:liv:m3:1
# text = A short form sometimes used for Liverpool, especially in sports scores and lists.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	5	advmod	_	_
5	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Liverpool	Liverpool	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	compound	_	_
12	scores	score	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	lists	list	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle · passive |  | a short form |  | sports scores and lists |  | for Liverpool; sometimes *property* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for liverpool=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Liv is my best friend at school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:liv:x1:1
# text = Liv is my best friend at school.
1	Liv	Liv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Liv | my best friend |  | school |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The house advert said «3 bed, large liv rm».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:liv:x2:1
# text = The house advert said «3 bed, large liv rm».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	advert	advert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	liv	liv	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	rm	rm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the house advert | 3 bed and large liv rm |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Liv scored the winning goal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:liv:x3:1
# text = Liv scored the winning goal.
1	Liv	Liv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	scored	score	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	winning	win	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **score** | past | Liv | the winning goal |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goal=Theme |
| 2 | **win** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Liv and her brother walked the dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:liv:x4:1
# text = Liv and her brother walked the dog.
1	Liv	Liv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | Liv and her brother | the dog |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The score read «Liv 2 Ars 1».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:liv:x5:1
# text = The score read «Liv 2 Ars 1».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	score	score	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Liv	Liv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	_
7	Ars	Ars	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	_
8	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | the score | Liv |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent liv=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin Olivia likes to be called Liv.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:liv:x6:1
# text = My cousin Olivia likes to be called Liv.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	Olivia	Olivia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
4	likes	like	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	_
8	Liv	Liv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | My cousin |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **call** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive · passive | My cousin *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V» |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ask Liv if she wants to come to the park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:liv:x7:1
# text = Ask Liv if she wants to come to the park.
1	Ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	Liv	Liv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | Liv |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent liv=Recipient |
| 2 | **want** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | Liv |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **come** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Liv *not said here* |  |  | the park |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to park=Initial\_Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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