---
title: livery — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «livery» in the school dictionary: A special uniform worn by servants of a great house or by members of a company or guild in the past. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# livery

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** footman, Two footmen, trains, Fish Footman, he, Grandad · **What happens:** wear, design, keep, feed, hire out, stand · **To what, where:** special uniform, vehicles, place, smart livery, door, new red livery

<!-- .vabout -->
«livery» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [livery in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/livery.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A special uniform worn by servants of a great house or by members of a company or guild in the past.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livery:m1:1
# text = A special uniform worn by servants of a great house or by members of a company or guild in the past.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	uniform	uniform	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	guild	guild	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | participle |  | a special uniform *not said here* |  |  |  | by servants of a great house or members of a company or guild in the past | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The colours and design of a company's vehicles: «the airline's livery».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livery:m2:1
# text = The colours and design of a company's vehicles: «the airline's livery».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	design	design	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	airline	airline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	livery	livery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **design** |  |  | a company's vehicles |  |  |  |  | nom design «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: livery stable / livery yard — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A place where horses are kept and fed for their owners, or hired out, for payment.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livery:m3:1
# text = A place where horses are kept and fed for their owners, or hired out, for payment.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	6	advmod	_	_
4	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	fed	feed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	owners	owner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	hired	hire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
15	out	out	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	payment	payment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present · passive |  | a place |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **feed** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | for horses's owners | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hire out** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | for payment | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for payment=Beneficiary |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The footman wore a smart livery with gold buttons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livery:x1:1
# text = The footman wore a smart livery with gold buttons.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	footman	footman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	smart	smart	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	livery	livery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	buttons	button	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the footman | a smart livery |  |  |  | with gold buttons | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent livery=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two footmen in livery stood at the door.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livery:x2:1
# text = Two footmen in livery stood at the door.
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	footmen	footman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	livery	livery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | Two footmen in livery |  |  | the door |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at door=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The trains have a new red and white livery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livery:x3:1
# text = The trains have a new red and white livery.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trains	train	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
6	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	livery	livery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the trains | a new red livery |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent livery=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Fish-Footman was in livery, though he looked like a fish.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livery:x4:1
# text = The Fish-Footman was in livery, though he looked like a fish.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Fish	Fish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Footman	Footman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	livery	livery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the Fish Footman |  |  | livery |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | past | he | livery *not said here* |  |  |  | like a fish | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme livery=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad keeps his horse at a livery yard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livery:x5:1
# text = Grandad keeps his horse at a livery yard.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	livery	livery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	yard	yard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Grandad | Grandad's horse |  |  |  | at a livery yard | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent horse=Theme at yard=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The servants' livery showed which family they worked for.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livery:x6:1
# text = The servants' livery showed which family they worked for.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	'	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	livery	livery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	7	det	_	_
7	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the servants's livery | which family |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent family=Recipient |
| 2 | **work** | past | servants *= servant* | which family *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent family=Material |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was dressed in court livery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livery:x7:1
# text = He was dressed in court livery.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	dressed	dress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	livery	livery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dress** | past · passive |  | He |  | court livery |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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