---
title: livestock — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «livestock» in the school dictionary: Animals kept on a farm for food, milk, wool or work, such as cows, sheep, pigs, goats and chickens. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# livestock

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** farmer, Livestock, Cows, We, farm · **What happens:** keep, raise, grow, need, be, move · **To what, where:** Animals, farm, livestock, wheat, water, hot weather

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«livestock» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [livestock in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/livestock.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Animals kept on a farm for food, milk, wool or work, such as cows, sheep, pigs, goats and chickens.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livestock:m1:1
# text = Animals kept on a farm for food, milk, wool or work, such as cows, sheep, pigs, goats and chickens.
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
2	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	wool	wool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	17	case	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	pigs	pig	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	goats	goat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	chickens	chicken	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | participle |  | Animals *not said here* |  | a farm |  | for food and milk and wool or work and cows and sheep and pigs | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent on farm=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer raises livestock and grows wheat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livestock:x1:1
# text = The farmer raises livestock and grows wheat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	raises	raise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	livestock	livestock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	wheat	wheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | present | the farmer | livestock |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent livestock=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | present | the farmer *not said here* | wheat |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wheat=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Livestock need water every day in hot weather.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livestock:x2:1
# text = Livestock need water every day in hot weather.
1	Livestock	livestock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Livestock | water |  | hot weather | day |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot water=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cows, sheep and pigs are livestock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livestock:x3:1
# text = Cows, sheep and pigs are livestock.
1	Cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	pigs	pig	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	livestock	livestock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Cows and sheep and pigs | livestock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The livestock were moved to higher ground before the flood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livestock:x4:1
# text = The livestock were moved to higher ground before the flood.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	livestock	livestock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	moved	move	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	before	before	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past · passive |  | the livestock |  | higher ground | before the flood |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.agent V NP.theme PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: subject=Theme to ground=Source before flood=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw prize livestock at the country show.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livestock:x5:1
# text = We saw prize livestock at the country show.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	livestock	livestock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	show	show	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | prize livestock |  | the country show |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer livestock=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A farm has 12 sheep and 8 cows, so it has 20 head of livestock.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livestock:x6:1
# text = A farm has 12 sheep and 8 cows, so it has 20 head of livestock.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	livestock	livestock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a farm | 12 sheep and 8 cows |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | present | farm | 20 head of livestock |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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