---
title: livid — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «livid» in the school dictionary: Very, very angry, so angry you can hardly keep calm. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# livid

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, Mum, she, coach, Dad, someone · **What happens:** keep, be, see, go, hear, scratch · **To what, where:** mud, car, diary, knee, lunch, table · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«livid» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [livid in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/livid.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very, very angry, so angry you can hardly keep calm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livid:m1:1
# text = Very, very angry, so angry you can hardly keep calm.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	parataxis	_	_
12	calm	calm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | can | you |  |  |  |  | calm, hardly *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of skin — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark blue-grey or purple, like the colour of a bad bruise.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livid:m2:1
# text = Dark blue-grey or purple, like the colour of a bad bruise.
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
2	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	purple	purple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	bruise	bruise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pale or ashen in the face, from shock or anger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livid:m3:1
# text = Pale or ashen in the face, from shock or anger.
1	Pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	ashen	ashen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	shock	shock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum was livid when she saw mud all over the new carpet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livid:x1:1
# text = Mum was livid when she saw mud all over the new carpet.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	livid	livid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	all	all	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	carpet	carpet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Mum |  |  |  |  | livid *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | past | she | mud |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coach was absolutely livid about the late kick-off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livid:x2:1
# text = The coach was absolutely livid about the late kick-off.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	absolutely	absolutely	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	livid	livid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
9	kick	kick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	off	off	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the coach |  |  |  |  | about the late kick off; absolutely, livid *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad went livid when he heard someone had scratched the car.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livid:x3:1
# text = Dad went livid when he heard someone had scratched the car.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	livid	livid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	scratched	scratch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	ccomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Dad |  |  |  |  | livid *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hear** | past | Dad |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **scratch** | past · perfect | someone | the car |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent car=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was livid with her brother for reading her diary.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livid:x4:1
# text = She was livid with her brother for reading her diary.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	livid	livid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	reading	read	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	diary	diary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  |  |  | with her brother; livid *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **read** | gerund | her brother *not said here* | her diary |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent diary=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A livid bruise spread across his knee after the fall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livid:x5:1
# text = A livid bruise spread across his knee after the fall.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	livid	livid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bruise	bruise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | past | a livid bruise |  |  | bruise's knee | after the fall |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme across knee=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher looked livid, so the whole class went silent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livid:x6:1
# text = The teacher looked livid, so the whole class went silent.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	livid	livid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	silent	silent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the teacher |  |  |  |  | livid *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **go** | past | the whole class |  |  |  |  | silent *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I was livid at myself for forgetting my lunch again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livid:x7:1
# text = I was livid at myself for forgetting my lunch again.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	livid	livid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	myself	myself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	forgetting	forget	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	obl	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	again	again	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | I |  |  |  |  | at myself; livid *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **forget** | gerund |  | my lunch |  |  | again |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old story says his face turned livid with fear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livid:x8:1
# text = The old story says his face turned livid with fear.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	livid	livid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the old story |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **turn** | past | story's face |  |  |  |  | with fear; livid *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When the King, who was still at table and laughing at the good trick he had played his creditor, heard him again reclaiming his money, he became livid with rage.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:livid:x9:1
# text = When the King, who was still at table and laughing at the good trick he had played his creditor, heard him again reclaiming his money, he became livid with rage.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	22	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	still	still	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	laughing	laugh	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	played	play	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	creditor	creditor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	advcl	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	again	again	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
25	reclaiming	reclaim	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
29	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
31	livid	livid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	xcomp	_	_
32	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	rage	rage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	30	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the King |  |  | table | still |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **laugh** | gerund | the King *not said here* |  |  | the good trick |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **play** | past · perfect | King | King's creditor |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent creditor=Theme |
| 4 | **hear** | past | the King | him *= he* |  |  | again |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 5 | **reclaim** | gerund | the King *not said here* | King's money |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |
| 6 | **become** | past | King |  |  |  |  | livid *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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