---
title: lockjaw — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lockjaw» in the school dictionary: An old everyday name for tetanus, a serious illness caused by germs getting into a wound, which makes muscles go stiff. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lockjaw

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** germs, wound, muscles, mouth, nurse, Lockjaw · **What happens:** cause, get, make, go, not open, call · **To what, where:** serious illness, wound, muscles, tight cramp, Tetanus, jab · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lockjaw» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lockjaw in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lockjaw.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old everyday name for tetanus, a serious illness caused by germs getting into a wound, which makes muscles go stiff.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lockjaw:m1:1
# text = An old everyday name for tetanus, a serious illness caused by germs getting into a wound, which makes muscles go stiff.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	everyday	everyday	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	tetanus	tetanus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
11	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
14	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
15	into	into	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	wound	wound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
21	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
22	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | participle |  | a serious illness *not said here* |  |  |  | by germs | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **get** | gerund | germs *not said here* |  |  | a wound |  |  | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into wound=Destination |
| 3 | **make** | present | a wound | muscles |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **go** | infinitive | muscles *not said here* |  |  |  |  | stiff *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tight cramp of the jaw muscles so that the mouth will not open properly.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lockjaw:m2:1
# text = A tight cramp of the jaw muscles so that the mouth will not open properly.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tight	tight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cramp	cramp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	jaw	jaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
8	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
12	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
15	properly	properly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **open** | future | the mouth | a tight cramp of the jaw muscles *not said here* |  |  |  | properly *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cramp=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tetanus is also called lockjaw.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lockjaw:x1:1
# text = Tetanus is also called lockjaw.
1	Tetanus	tetanus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	lockjaw	lockjaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | Tetanus |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nurse gave me a jab to protect me from lockjaw.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lockjaw:x2:1
# text = The nurse gave me a jab to protect me from lockjaw.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	jab	jab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	lockjaw	lockjaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the nurse | a jab | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient jab=Theme |
| 2 | **protect** | to-infinitive | the nurse *not said here* |  | me |  |  | from lockjaw | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary from lockjaw=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lockjaw makes the jaw muscles go stiff.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lockjaw:x3:1
# text = Lockjaw makes the jaw muscles go stiff.
1	Lockjaw	lockjaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	jaw	jaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
7	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Lockjaw |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | present | the jaw muscles |  |  |  |  | stiff *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clean any cut from a rusty nail and tell an adult.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lockjaw:x4:1
# text = Clean any cut from a rusty nail and tell an adult.
1	Clean	clean	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	rusty	rusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	nail	nail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | imperative | you *not said here* | any cut |  | a rusty nail |  |  | vn clear-10.3 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent cut=Theme from nail=Source |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  | a adult |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the old days many farmers caught lockjaw.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lockjaw:x5:1
# text = In the old days many farmers caught lockjaw.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	lockjaw	lockjaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | past | many farmers | lockjaw |  |  | day |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lockjaw=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad said, «Mind that nail or you'll get lockjaw!»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lockjaw:x6:1
# text = Grandad said, «Mind that nail or you'll get lockjaw!»
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	det	_	_
7	nail	nail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:unmarked	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
12	lockjaw	lockjaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: express* | past | Grandad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **get** *in a quote* | future | you | lockjaw |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lockjaw=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vaccines have made lockjaw rare in many countries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lockjaw:x7:1
# text = Vaccines have made lockjaw rare in many countries.
1	Vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	lockjaw	lockjaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · perfect · passive |  | Vaccines |  | many countries |  | rare *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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