---
title: lodger — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lodger» in the school dictionary: A person who pays to live in a room in someone else's house, often sharing the kitchen and bathroom with the family. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lodger

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, We, lodger, Mrs, children, strange lodger · **What happens:** pay, live, share, stay, have, rent · **To what, where:** room, kitchen, place, lodger, spare room, student

<!-- .vabout -->
«lodger» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lodger in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lodger.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who pays to live in a room in someone else's house, often sharing the kitchen and bathroom with the family.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lodger:m1:1
# text = A person who pays to live in a room in someone else's house, often sharing the kitchen and bathroom with the family.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	pays	pay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	14	nmod:poss	_	_
12	else	else	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
14	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	often	often	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	sharing	share	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	bathroom	bathroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | present | a person |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | to-infinitive | a person *not said here* |  |  | a room |  | in someone's house | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in room=Location |
| 3 | **share** | gerund | a person *not said here* | the kitchen and bathroom |  |  |  | with the family; often *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rare — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Anyone staying for a time in a place.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lodger:m2:1
# text = Anyone staying for a time in a place.
1	Anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	staying	stay	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | gerund |  |  |  | a place | time |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We have a lodger who lives in the spare room.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lodger:x1:1
# text = We have a lodger who lives in the spare room.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lodger	lodger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	spare	spare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | We | a lodger |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lodger=Patient |
| 2 | **live** | present | a lodger |  |  | the spare room |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in room=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lodger pays rent every week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lodger:x2:1
# text = The lodger pays rent every week.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lodger	lodger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pays	pay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	rent	rent	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | present | the lodger |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rent** | present | the lodger *not said here* |  |  |  | week |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mrs Brown took in a lodger after her children left home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lodger:x3:1
# text = Mrs Brown took in a lodger after her children left home.
1	Mrs	Mrs	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Brown	Brown	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lodger	lodger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
11	home	home	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Mrs |  |  | a lodger |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in lodger=Location |
| 2 | **leave** | participle | Mrs's children |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our lodger is a student from Canada.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lodger:x4:1
# text = Our lodger is a student from Canada.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	lodger	lodger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	student	student	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Our lodger | a student |  | Canada |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lodger shares our kitchen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lodger:x5:1
# text = The lodger shares our kitchen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lodger	lodger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shares	share	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | present | the lodger | our kitchen |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the strange lodger never came out of his room.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lodger:x6:1
# text = In the story, the strange lodger never came out of his room.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lodger	lodger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **come out** | past | the strange lodger | lodger's room |  | the story |  |  | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient room=Result |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My aunt was a lodger when she first moved to London.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lodger:x7:1
# text = My aunt was a lodger when she first moved to London.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lodger	lodger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	advmod	_	_
9	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | My aunt | a lodger |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **move** | past | she |  | London |  |  | first *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to london=Result |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As soon as her work was over the old woman came and sat down with her lodgers.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lodger:x8:1
# text = As soon as her work was over the old woman came and sat down with her lodgers.
1	As	as	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	_
3	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
14	down	down	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	lodgers	lodger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | her work |  |  |  |  | over the old woman | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | the old woman |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **sit down** | past | the old woman *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with woman's lodgers | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **work** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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