---
title: loess — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «loess» in the school dictionary: A very fine, yellowish-brown soil made of dust blown by the wind, often after the Ice Age. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# loess

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** It, Yellow River, Farmers, heavy rain, geography teacher · **What happens:** make, blow, wear away, be, carry, grow · **To what, where:** fine brown soil, dust, fertile farmland, Loess soil, good crops, loess

<!-- .vabout -->
«loess» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [loess in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/loess.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: geography — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very fine, yellowish-brown soil made of dust blown by the wind, often after the Ice Age.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loess:m1:1
# text = A very fine, yellowish-brown soil made of dust blown by the wind, often after the Ice Age.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	yellowish	yellowish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	blown	blow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	often	often	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
18	after	after	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	Ice	Ice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	Age	Age	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a fine brown soil *not said here* |  |  | after the Ice Age | of dust | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **blow** | participle |  | dust *not said here* |  |  |  | by the wind | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It makes very fertile farmland but wears away easily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loess:m2:1
# text = It makes very fertile farmland but wears away easily.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	fertile	fertile	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	farmland	farmland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	wears	wear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | It | fertile farmland |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material farmland=Product |
| 2 | **wear away** | present |  |  |  |  |  | away, easily *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Loess is soil carried by the wind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loess:x1:1
# text = Loess is soil carried by the wind.
1	Loess	loess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | Loess soil |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **carry** | participle |  | Loess soil *not said here* |  |  |  | by the wind | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Yellow River is yellow because of loess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loess:x2:1
# text = The Yellow River is yellow because of loess.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	loess	loess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Yellow River |  |  |  |  | because loess; yellow *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Farmers grow good crops on loess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loess:x3:1
# text = Farmers grow good crops on loess.
1	Farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	loess	loess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Farmers | good crops |  | loess |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location crop=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Loess Plateau in China is covered with deep loess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loess:x4:1
# text = The Loess Plateau in China is covered with deep loess.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Loess	Loess	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Plateau	Plateau	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	loess	loess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present · passive |  | the Loess Plateau in China |  |  |  | with deep loess | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with loess=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Loess can be washed away quickly by heavy rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loess:x5:1
# text = Loess can be washed away quickly by heavy rain.
1	Loess	loess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	washed	wash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash away** | can · passive | heavy rain | Loess |  |  |  | away, quickly *property* | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our geography teacher showed us a jar of fine loess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loess:x6:1
# text = Our geography teacher showed us a jar of fine loess.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	geography	geography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	loess	loess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | Our geography teacher | a jar of fine loess | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient jar=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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