---
title: log — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «log» in the school dictionary: A log is a thick piece of a tree trunk or big branch that has been cut down. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/log/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [L](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/) / log

# log

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** log, written record, your, Logging, many cuts, cut · **What happens:** be, cut down, write, happen, log in, log on · **To what, where:** thick piece, big branch, written record, trees, log, 4 pieces

<!-- .vabout -->
«log» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [log in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/log.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A log is a thick piece of a tree trunk or big branch that has been cut down.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:log:m1:1
# text = A log is a thick piece of a tree trunk or big branch that has been cut down.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	log	log	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	_
18	down	down	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a log | a thick piece |  |  |  | of a tree trunk or big branch | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut down** | present · perfect · passive |  | big branch |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A log is a written record of what happens, like a ship's log or a reading log.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:log:m2:1
# text = A log is a written record of what happens, like a ship's log or a reading log.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	log	log	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	record	record	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	nsubj	_	_
9	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	log	log	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	log	log	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a log | a written record |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **happen** | present | a written record |  |  |  |  | like a ship's log or a reading log | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To log in or log on is to enter a computer or website with your name and password.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:log:m3:1
# text = To log in or log on is to enter a computer or website with your name and password.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	log	log	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	log	log	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	enter	enter	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	website	website	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	password	password	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **log in** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **log on** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | enter *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **name** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Logging is cutting down trees for wood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:log:m4:1
# text = Logging is cutting down trees for wood.
1	Logging	logging	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut down** | present · progressive | Logging | trees |  |  |  | for wood | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent tree=Product for wood=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A log is cut into 4 pieces.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:log:x1:1
# text = A log is cut into 4 pieces.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	log	log	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | present · passive |  | a log |  | 4 pieces |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into piece=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many cuts make 5 pieces?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:log:x2:1
# text = How many cuts make 5 pieces?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cuts	cut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | many cuts | 5 pieces |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset piece=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each cut takes 3 minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:log:x3:1
# text = Each cut takes 3 minutes.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | each cut |  |  |  | minute |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 20 logs in the pile.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:log:x4:1
# text = There are 20 logs in the pile.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	logs	log	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pile	pile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 20 logs |  |  | the pile; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pile=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We put another log on the fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:log:x5:1
# text = We put another log on the fire.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	log	log	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | We | another log |  | the fire |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent log=Theme on fire=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fill in your reading log every night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:log:x6:1
# text = Fill in your reading log every night.
1	Fill	fill	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	log	log	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill in** | imperative | you *not said here* | your reading log |  |  | night |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent log=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Log in with your username and password.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:log:x7:1
# text = Log in with your username and password.
1	Log	log	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	username	username	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	password	password	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **log in** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with your username and password | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the long walk I slept like a log.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:log:x8:1
# text = After the long walk I slept like a log.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	slept	sleep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	log	log	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | past | I |  |  |  | after the long walk | like a log | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One set her foot on the log.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:log:x9:1
# text = One set her foot on the log.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nsubj	_	_
2	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	log	log	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | past | One | her foot |  | the log |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent foot=Theme on log=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [lofty](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/lofty/)
- next →: [logger](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/logger/)
- ↑ back to [L in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/)