---
title: logging — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «logging» in the school dictionary: Logging is the work of cutting down trees and taking the wood away to sell. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# logging

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Logging, your, logging trucks, We, you, I · **What happens:** be, cut down, take away, sell, log, write down · **To what, where:** work, trees, wood, log, information, weather · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«logging» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [logging in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/logging.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Logging is the work of cutting down trees and taking the wood away to sell.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logging:m1:1
# text = Logging is the work of cutting down trees and taking the wood away to sell.
1	Logging	logging	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	down	down	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	away	away	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Logging | the work |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut down** | gerund | Logging *not said here* | trees |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tree=Product |
| 3 | **take away** | gerund | Logging *not said here* | the wood |  |  |  | away *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wood=Theme |
| 4 | **sell** | to-infinitive | Logging *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Logging (from «log») is writing down information in a log or record: logging the weather each day.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logging:m2:1
# text = Logging (from «log») is writing down information in a log or record: logging the weather each day.
1	Logging	log	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	csubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	log	log	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	writing	write	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
10	down	down	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	log	log	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	record	record	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
18	logging	log	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	det	_	_
22	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **log** | gerund |  | log |  |  |  |  | vn berry-13.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent log=Location |
| 2 | **write down** | present · progressive | Logging | information |  | a log or record |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent information=Theme in log=Destination |
| 3 | **log** | gerund | Logging *not said here* | the weather |  |  | day |  | vn berry-13.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weather=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Logging in (or on) means entering your name and password to start using a computer or website; logging out (or off) means leaving it.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logging:m3:1
# text = Logging in (or on) means entering your name and password to start using a computer or website; logging out (or off) means leaving it.
1	Logging	log	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	csubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	1	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	entering	enter	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	password	password	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
15	using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	xcomp	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	website	website	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	logging	log	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	csubj	_	_
22	out	out	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	_
23	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	off	off	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	_
27	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
28	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	xcomp	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **log in** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Logging |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **enter** *not said to happen* | gerund | Logging *not said here* | your name and password |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme name=Destination |
| 4 | **start** | to-infinitive | Logging *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **use** | gerund | Logging *not said here* | a computer or website |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent computer=Patient |
| 6 | **log out** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **mean** | present | logging |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 8 | **leave** *not said to happen* | gerund | logging *not said here* | website |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 9 | **name** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Logging has destroyed large parts of the rainforest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logging:x1:1
# text = Logging has destroyed large parts of the rainforest.
1	Logging	log	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **log** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **destroy** | present · perfect |  | large parts of the rainforest |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The logging trucks carried huge tree trunks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logging:x2:1
# text = The logging trucks carried huge tree trunks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	logging	logging	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	trucks	truck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	trunks	trunk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | the logging trucks | huge tree trunks |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trunk=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We are logging the temperature every hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logging:x3:1
# text = We are logging the temperature every hour.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	logging	log	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **log** | present · progressive | We | the temperature |  |  | hour |  | vn berry-13.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperature=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Remember logging out after you use the school computer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logging:x4:1
# text = Remember logging out after you use the school computer.
1	Remember	remember	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	logging	log	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **log out** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **use** | present | you | the school computer |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent computer=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm having trouble logging in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logging:x5:1
# text = I'm having trouble logging in.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	logging	log	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present · progressive | I | trouble |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trouble=Patient |
| 2 | **log in** | gerund | trouble *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The captain was logging the ship's speed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logging:x6:1
# text = The captain was logging the ship's speed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	logging	log	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **log** | past · progressive | the captain | the ship's speed |  |  |  |  | vn berry-13.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speed=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Careful logging can let a forest grow back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logging:x7:1
# text = Careful logging can let a forest grow back.
1	Careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	logging	logging	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	back	back	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | can | Careful logging |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow back** | present | a forest |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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