---
title: logical — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «logical» in the school dictionary: Logical means following clear and correct reasoning, so each step makes sense. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# logical

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Logical, step, you, logical person, It, umbrella · **What happens:** mean, follow, make, expect, give, think · **To what, where:** sense, facts, steps, logical order, umbrella, puzzle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«logical» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [logical in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/logical.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Logical means following clear and correct reasoning, so each step makes sense.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logical:m1:1
# text = Logical means following clear and correct reasoning, so each step makes sense.
1	Logical	logical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	ccomp	_	_
4	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
13	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Logical |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | clear *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | present | each step | sense |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sense=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Logical means sensible and what you would expect, given the facts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logical:m2:1
# text = Logical means sensible and what you would expect, given the facts.
1	Logical	logical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sensible	sensible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
5	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	8	obj	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	expect	expect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	xcomp	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Logical |  |  |  |  | sensible *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **expect** | would | you |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **give** *not said to happen* | participle | you *not said here* | the facts |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A logical person thinks clearly and step by step.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logical:m3:1
# text = A logical person thinks clearly and step by step.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	logical	logical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | a logical person |  |  |  |  | clearly *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **step** |  | step |  |  |  |  |  | nom step «act transitive»: by=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put the steps in a logical order.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logical:x1:1
# text = Put the steps in a logical order.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	logical	logical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | the steps |  | a logical order |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent step=Theme in order=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's logical to take an umbrella if it looks like rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logical:x2:1
# text = It's logical to take an umbrella if it looks like rain.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	logical	logical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	umbrella	umbrella	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | logical *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | to-infinitive |  | a umbrella |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent umbrella=Theme |
| 3 | **look** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | umbrella |  |  |  |  | like rain | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her explanation was clear and logical.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logical:x3:1
# text = Her explanation was clear and logical.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	explanation	explanation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	logical	logical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Her explanation |  |  |  |  | clear *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Her explanation *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **explain** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom explanation «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Solve the puzzle with logical thinking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logical:x4:1
# text = Solve the puzzle with logical thinking.
1	Solve	solve	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	logical	logical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	thinking	thinking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **solve** | imperative | you *not said here* | the puzzle |  |  |  | with logical thinking | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puzzle=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The logical answer is that the cat ate the fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logical:x5:1
# text = The logical answer is that the cat ate the fish.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	logical	logical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the logical answer |  |  |  |  | eat *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is a very logical person.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logical:x6:1
# text = He is a very logical person.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	logical	logical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | He | a logical person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That isn't logical: you can't be in two places at once.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logical:x7:1
# text = That isn't logical: you can't be in two places at once.
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	logical	logical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
7	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	parataxis	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | That |  |  |  |  | logical *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is** | can | you |  |  | two places |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Here we meet with another logical though fanciful conclusion, which a very slight knowledge of the workings of nature proves to have been just and true.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:logical:x8:1
# text = Here we meet with another logical though fanciful conclusion, which a very slight knowledge of the workings of nature proves to have been just and true.
1	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	meet	meet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	logical	logical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	_
7	though	though	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	fanciful	fanciful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	obj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	very	very	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	slight	slight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	workings	working	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	proves	prove	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
23	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	aux	_	_
24	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	27	cop	_	_
25	just	just	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | present | we |  |  | here |  | with another logical | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with logical=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **prove** | present | a slight knowledge of the workings of nature | fanciful conclusion |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | to-infinitive · perfect | a slight knowledge of the workings of nature *not said here* |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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