---
title: londoner — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «londoner» in the school dictionary: A Londoner is a person who lives in or comes from London, the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# londoner

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**Who acts:** Londoner, person, cousin, Londoners, She, snow · **What happens:** be, live in, come, travel, give, work · **To what, where:** person, London, true Londoner, Tube, directions, us

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«londoner» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [londoner in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/londoner.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Londoner is a person who lives in or comes from London, the capital city of England and the United Kingdom.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:londoner:m1:1
# text = A Londoner is a person who lives in or comes from London, the capital city of England and the United Kingdom.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Londoner	londoner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	capital	capital	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	United	United	PROPN	NNP	_	22	flat	_	_
22	Kingdom	Kingdom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a Londoner | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live in** | present | a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | present | a person *not said here* |  |  | London |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from london=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin is a true Londoner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:londoner:x1:1
# text = My cousin is a true Londoner.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Londoner	londoner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My cousin | a true Londoner |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Londoners often travel on the Tube.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:londoner:x2:1
# text = Londoners often travel on the Tube.
1	Londoners	londoner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	often	often	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	travel	travel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Tube	Tube	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | present | Londoners |  |  | the Tube |  | often *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on tube=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Londoner gave us directions to Big Ben.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:londoner:x3:1
# text = The Londoner gave us directions to Big Ben.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Londoner	Londoner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	directions	direction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Big	Big	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
8	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the Londoner | directions | us |  |  | to Big Ben | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient direction=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Londoners cycle to work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:londoner:x4:1
# text = Many Londoners cycle to work.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Londoners	londoner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	compound	_	_
3	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She became a Londoner when she moved there for university.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:londoner:x5:1
# text = She became a Londoner when she moved there for university.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Londoner	Londoner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	university	university	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **move** | past | she |  |  | there |  | for university | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Londoners were surprised by the snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:londoner:x6:1
# text = Londoners were surprised by the snow.
1	Londoners	londoner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	surprised	surprise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surprise** | past · passive | the snow | Londoners |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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