---
title: lonesome — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lonesome» in the school dictionary: Sad because you are alone and have no friends or company; lonely. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lonesome

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, puppy, cowboy, Grandpa, Grandma, Nan · **What happens:** be, have, feel, sing, lead, get · **To what, where:** friends, lonesome, lonesome song, lonesome road, desert, Nan · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lonesome» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lonesome in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lonesome.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sad because you are alone and have no friends or company; lonely.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lonesome:m1:1
# text = Sad because you are alone and have no friends or company; lonely.
1	Sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	alone	alone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	advcl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	lonely	lonely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | alone *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present |  | no friends or company |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Far from other people; empty and quiet, as in a lonesome road.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lonesome:m2:1
# text = Far from other people; empty and quiet, as in a lonesome road.
1	Far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
6	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	lonesome	lonesome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy felt lonesome without its brothers and sisters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lonesome:x1:1
# text = The puppy felt lonesome without its brothers and sisters.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	lonesome	lonesome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	sisters	sister	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | the puppy | lonesome |  |  |  | without puppy's brothers and sisters | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lonesome=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cowboy sang a lonesome song by the fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lonesome:x2:1
# text = The cowboy sang a lonesome song by the fire.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cowboy	cowboy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	lonesome	lonesome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the cowboy | a lonesome song |  |  |  | by the fire | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lonesome road led across the desert.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lonesome:x3:1
# text = A lonesome road led across the desert.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lonesome	lonesome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | participle |  | a lonesome road *not said here* |  | the desert |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent across desert=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa gets lonesome since Grandma died.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lonesome:x4:1
# text = Grandpa gets lonesome since Grandma died.
1	Grandpa	grandpa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	lonesome	lonesome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	Grandma	Grandma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | Grandpa | lonesome |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lonesome=Stimulus |
| 2 | **die** | past | Grandma |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«What are you doing here on your lonesome?» asked Nan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lonesome:x5:1
# text = «What are you doing here on your lonesome?» asked Nan.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	obj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	ccomp	_	_
6	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	lonesome	lonesome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
12	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	Nan	Nan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** *in a quote* | present · progressive | Nan |  |  | your lonesome; here |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past |  |  | Nan |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP that S»: agent=Agent nan=Recipient clause=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lonesome wolf howled at the moon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lonesome:x6:1
# text = The lonesome wolf howled at the moon.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lonesome	lonesome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	howled	howl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **howl** | participle |  | the lonesome wolf *not said here* |  |  |  | at the moon | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at moon=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If a friend seems lonesome, ask them to play.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lonesome:x7:1
# text = If a friend seems lonesome, ask them to play.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	seems	seem	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
5	lonesome	lonesome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	iobj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | a friend | lonesome |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lonesome=Attribute |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | them *= they* |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **play** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He feel mighty lonesome, en he feel mighty mad, Brer Rabbit did.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lonesome:x8:1
# text = He feel mighty lonesome, en he feel mighty mad, Brer Rabbit did.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
3	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	lonesome	lonesome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	en	en	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
9	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	mad	mad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	Brer	Brer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	Rabbit	Rabbit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | infinitive | He | mighty lonesome |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lonesome=Theme |
| 2 | **feel** | infinitive | en |  |  |  |  | mad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **do** | past | Brer |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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