---
title: longevity — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «longevity» in the school dictionary: Longevity means living a long life: «Tortoises are famous for their longevity». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# longevity

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Longevity, Tortoises, Exercise, trees, Japan, she · **What happens:** mean, live, be, last, know, help · **To what, where:** long life, Giant tortoises, longevity, engineers, amazing longevity, porridge · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«longevity» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [longevity in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/longevity.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Longevity means living a long life: «Tortoises are famous for their longevity».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:longevity:m1:1
# text = Longevity means living a long life: «Tortoises are famous for their longevity».
1	Longevity	longevity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Tortoises	tortoise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	longevity	longevity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Longevity |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **live** *not said to happen* | gerund | Longevity *not said here* | a long life |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme life=Location |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Tortoises |  |  |  |  | for Tortoises's longevity; famous *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Longevity can also mean lasting for a long time, like the longevity of a building or a TV show.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:longevity:m2:1
# text = Longevity can also mean lasting for a long time, like the longevity of a building or a TV show.
1	Longevity	longevity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	lasting	last	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	longevity	longevity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	show	show	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Longevity |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **last** *not said to happen* | gerund | Longevity *not said here* |  |  |  | time | like the longevity of a building or a TV show | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Giant tortoises are known for their longevity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:longevity:x1:1
# text = Giant tortoises are known for their longevity.
1	Giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	tortoises	tortoise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	longevity	longevity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present · passive |  | Giant tortoises |  |  |  | for tortoises's longevity | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exercise and good food can help longevity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:longevity:x2:1
# text = Exercise and good food can help longevity.
1	Exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	longevity	longevity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | can | Exercise and good food | longevity |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent longevity=Beneficiary |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The longevity of the old bridge surprised the engineers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:longevity:x3:1
# text = The longevity of the old bridge surprised the engineers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	longevity	longevity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	surprised	surprise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	engineers	engineer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surprise** | past | the longevity of the old bridge | the engineers |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus engineer=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some trees have amazing longevity and live thousands of years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:longevity:x4:1
# text = Some trees have amazing longevity and live thousands of years.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	amazing	amazing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	longevity	longevity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	live	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | some trees | amazing longevity and live thousands of years |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent longevity=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Japan is famous for the longevity of its people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:longevity:x5:1
# text = Japan is famous for the longevity of its people.
1	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	longevity	longevity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Japan |  |  |  |  | for the longevity of longevity's people; famous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The singer's longevity is impressive; she has performed for decades.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:longevity:x6:1
# text = The singer's longevity is impressive; she has performed for decades.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	singer	singer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	longevity	longevity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	impressive	impressive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	performed	perform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	decades	decade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the singer's longevity |  |  |  |  | impressive *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **perform** | present · perfect | she |  |  |  | decade |  | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What is the secret of longevity? Grandma says porridge.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* What is the secret of longevity?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:longevity:x7:1
# text = What is the secret of longevity?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	longevity	longevity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the secret of longevity |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Grandma says porridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:longevity:x7:2
# text = Grandma says porridge.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	porridge	porridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Grandma | porridge |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent porridge=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Greenland sharks hold a record for longevity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:longevity:x8:1
# text = Greenland sharks hold a record for longevity.
1	Greenland	Greenland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	record	record	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	longevity	longevity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | Greenland sharks | a record |  |  |  | for longevity | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent record=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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