---
title: longship — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «longship» in the school dictionary: A long, narrow wooden ship with oars and a square sail, used by the Vikings for raiding, trading and exploring. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# longship

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Vikings, longship, head, Rowers, Longships, We · **What happens:** use, explore, sail, have, carve, sit · **To what, where:** square sail, Britain, longships, front, chests, shallow rivers

<!-- .vabout -->
«longship» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [longship in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/longship.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A long, narrow wooden ship with oars and a square sail, used by the Vikings for raiding, trading and exploring.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:longship:m1:1
# text = A long, narrow wooden ship with oars and a square sail, used by the Vikings for raiding, trading and exploring.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	oars	oar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	square	square	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	sail	sail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	14	obl:agent	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	raiding	raiding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	trading	trading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	exploring	explore	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | a square sail *not said here* |  |  |  | for raiding and trading | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **explore** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Vikings sailed to Britain in longships.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:longship:x1:1
# text = The Vikings sailed to Britain in longships.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sailed	sail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	longships	longship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sail** | past | the Vikings |  | Britain | longships |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent to britain=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A longship had a dragon's head carved at the front.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:longship:x2:1
# text = A longship had a dragon's head carved at the front.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	longship	longship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	carved	carve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | a longship |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **carve** | past | a dragon's head |  |  | the front |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rowers sat on chests along the sides of the longship.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:longship:x3:1
# text = Rowers sat on chests along the sides of the longship.
1	Rowers	rower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	chests	chest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	along	along	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	longship	longship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | Rowers |  |  | chests |  | along the sides of the longship | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on chest=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Longships could sail up shallow rivers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:longship:x4:1
# text = Longships could sail up shallow rivers.
1	Longships	longship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	sail	sail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	shallow	shallow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sail up** | could | Longships | shallow rivers |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme river=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made a model longship in class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:longship:x5:1
# text = We made a model longship in class.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	longship	longship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | a model longship |  | class |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent longship=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some Vikings were buried in their longships.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:longship:x6:1
# text = Some Vikings were buried in their longships.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	buried	bury	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	longships	longship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bury** | past · passive |  | some Vikings |  | Vikings's longships |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in longship=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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