---
title: loon — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «loon» in the school dictionary: A large water bird of North America and northern Europe with a haunting call, good at diving for fish (called a diver in the UK). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# loon

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** fish, young man, We, loon, uncle, he · **What happens:** dive, call, spell, hear, catch, be · **To what, where:** diver, loon, north east, lake, water, fish · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«loon» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [loon in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/loon.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A large water bird of North America and northern Europe with a haunting call, good at diving for fish (called a diver in the UK).

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loon:m1:1
# text = A large water bird of North America and northern Europe with a haunting call, good at diving for fish (called a diver in the UK).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	haunting	haunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	call	call	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
17	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	diving	dive	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	advcl	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
21	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	diver	diver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	xcomp	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dive** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | for fish | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for fish=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | participle | fish *not said here* | a diver in the UK |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A silly, crazy or strange person.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loon:m2:1
# text = A silly, crazy or strange person.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
2	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	crazy	crazy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Scotland, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A boy or young man (also spelled «loon» in the north-east).

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loon:m3:1
# text = A boy or young man (also spelled «loon» in the north-east).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	spelled	spell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	loon	loon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spell** | participle | young man *not said here* | loon |  | the north east |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in east=Manner |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard a loon calling across the lake at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loon:x1:1
# text = We heard a loon calling across the lake at night.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	loon	loon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	calling	call	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	across	across	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | a loon |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer loon=Stimulus |
| 2 | **call** | gerund | We *not said here* |  |  | the lake | night |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The loon dived under the water to catch a fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loon:x2:1
# text = The loon dived under the water to catch a fish.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	loon	loon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dived	dive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dive** | past | the loon |  |  | the water |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under water=Location |
| 2 | **catch** | to-infinitive | the loon *not said here* | a fish |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My uncle is a bit of a loon, but he is very funny.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loon:x3:1
# text = My uncle is a bit of a loon, but he is very funny.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	loon	loon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	very	very	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My uncle | a bit |  |  |  | of a loon | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | he | a bit *not said here* |  |  |  | funny *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop acting like a loon!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loon:x4:1
# text = Stop acting like a loon!
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	acting	act	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	loon	loon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **act** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a loon | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent like loon=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Canadian coin with the loon on it is called a loonie.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loon:x5:1
# text = The Canadian coin with the loon on it is called a loonie.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Canadian	Canadian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	coin	coin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	loon	loon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	loonie	loonie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | the Canadian coin with the loon on loon |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A loon has red eyes and a black-and-white back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loon:x6:1
# text = A loon has red eyes and a black-and-white back.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	loon	loon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
8	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
13	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a loon | red eyes and a black back |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«You absolute loon,» laughed Gran.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loon:x7:1
# text = «You absolute loon,» laughed Gran.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	absolute	absolute	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	loon	loon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **loon** *in a quote* |  | You |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **laugh** | past | absolute loon |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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