---
title: lose — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lose» in the school dictionary: To lose is to no longer have something, often by mistake: lose a glove. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lose

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, Lily, many pencils, Tom, Ben, I · **What happens:** lose, be, not be, have, stay, ask · **To what, where:** glove, game, way, weight, 9 pencils, 5 · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lose» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lose in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lose.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lose is to no longer have something, often by mistake: lose a glove.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lose:m1:1
# text = To lose is to no longer have something, often by mistake: lose a glove.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lose	lose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
5	no	no	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
7	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	often	often	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
14	lose	lose	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	glove	glove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by mistake | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | have, long *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **lose** | imperative | you *not said here* | a glove |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glove=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lose a game is to not win it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lose:m2:1
# text = To lose a game is to not win it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lose	lose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	win	win	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | to-infinitive |  | a game |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | win *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lose your way is to not know where you are.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lose:m3:1
# text = To lose your way is to not know where you are.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lose	lose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	know	know	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	8	ccomp	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | to-infinitive |  | your way |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Eventuality |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | know *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | where *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lose weight, time or money is to have less of it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lose:m4:1
# text = To lose weight, time or money is to have less of it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lose	lose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
3	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | to-infinitive |  | weight and time or money |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | have *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lily had 9 pencils and lost 5. How many pencils does Lily have now?

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Lily had 9 pencils and lost 5.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lose:x1:1
# text = Lily had 9 pencils and lost 5.
1	Lily	Lily	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	pencils	pencil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Lily | 9 pencils |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pencil=Patient |
| 2 | **lose** | past | Lily *not said here* | 5 |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 5=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How many pencils does Lily have now?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lose:x1:2
# text = How many pencils does Lily have now?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pencils	pencil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	Lily	Lily	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present · do-support | many pencils |  |  |  | now |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom loses 3 of his 10 marbles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lose:x2:1
# text = Tom loses 3 of his 10 marbles.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	loses	lose	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	marbles	marble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present | Tom | 3 of Tom's 10 marbles |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ben had 15 cards and lost 4.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lose:x3:1
# text = Ben had 15 cards and lost 4.
1	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Ben | 15 cards |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Patient |
| 2 | **lose** | past | Ben *not said here* | 4 |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I lost my tooth today!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lose:x4:1
# text = I lost my tooth today!
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	tooth	tooth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | I | my tooth |  |  | today |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our team lost the game 2 to 3.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lose:x5:1
# text = Our team lost the game 2 to 3.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | Our team | the game |  |  |  | to 3 | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you get lost, stay where you are and ask a police officer.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lose:x6:1
# text = If you get lost, stay where you are and ask a police officer.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	get	get	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advcl	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	police	police	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	officer	officer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 2 | **stay** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | where *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **ask** *speech: ask* | infinitive | you *not said here* | a police officer |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent officer=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't lose your library card.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lose:x7:1
# text = Don't lose your library card.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	lose	lose	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **lose** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | your library card |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Trees lose their leaves in autumn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lose:x8:1
# text = Trees lose their leaves in autumn.
1	Trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lose	lose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present | Trees | Trees's leaves |  |  | autumn |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Eventuality |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Much wants more and loses all.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lose:x9:1
# text = Much wants more and loses all.
1	Much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	loses	lose	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | Much | more |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot more=Theme |
| 2 | **lose** | present | Much *not said here* | all |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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