---
title: loser — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «loser» in the school dictionary: A person or team that loses a game, race or competition. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# loser

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, they, loser, good loser, you, Calling · **What happens:** lose, think, be, not be, react, shake · **To what, where:** game, person, certain way, good loser, hands, other team · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«loser» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [loser in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/loser.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person or team that loses a game, race or competition.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loser:m1:1
# text = A person or team that loses a game, race or competition.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	loses	lose	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	competition	competition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present | a person or team | a game |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rude slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person thought to be unsuccessful or not cool — an unkind insult.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loser:m2:1
# text = A person thought to be unsuccessful or not cool — an unkind insult.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	thought	think	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	unsuccessful	unsuccessful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
10	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	insult	insult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | participle |  | a person and a unkind insult *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | unsuccessful *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone who reacts in a certain way when they lose: «a good loser», «a bad loser».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loser:m3:1
# text = Someone who reacts in a certain way when they lose: «a good loser», «a bad loser».
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reacts	react	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	lose	lose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	loser	loser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	loser	loser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **react** | present |  |  |  | a certain way |  |  | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lose** | present | they | a good loser and a bad loser |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The loser of the race shook hands with the winner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loser:x1:1
# text = The loser of the race shook hands with the winner.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	loser	loser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	winner	winner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shake** | past | the loser of the race | hands |  |  |  | with the winner | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient with winner=Co-Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be a good loser and congratulate the other team.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loser:x2:1
# text = Be a good loser and congratulate the other team.
1	Be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	loser	loser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	congratulate	congratulate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | infinitive | a good loser |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **congratulate** | infinitive | a good loser *not said here* | the other team |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent team=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't be a sore loser — it's only a game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loser:x3:1
# text = Don't be a sore loser — it's only a game.
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	loser	loser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	—	-	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	only	only	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | infinitive |  | a sore loser |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | loser | a game |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calling someone a loser is mean.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loser:x4:1
# text = Calling someone a loser is mean.
1	Calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	loser	loser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	mean	mean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | gerund |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme loser=Result |
| 2 | **is** | present | Calling |  |  |  |  | mean *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both teams played well; there were no real losers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loser:x5:1
# text = Both teams played well; there were no real losers.
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	teams	team	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	7	expl	_	_
7	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	10	det	_	_
9	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	losers	loser	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | both teams |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **be** | past | no real losers |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The loser of the coin toss had to go first.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loser:x6:1
# text = The loser of the coin toss had to go first.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	loser	loser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	coin	coin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	toss	toss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the loser of the coin toss |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | to-infinitive | the loser of the coin toss *not said here* |  |  |  |  | first *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He's a bad loser and always says the game was unfair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loser:x7:1
# text = He's a bad loser and always says the game was unfair.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	loser	loser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	8	advmod	_	_
8	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | He | a bad loser |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | always *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | past | the game |  |  |  |  | unfair *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In this game, the loser is the one with the most cards left.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loser:x8:1
# text = In this game, the loser is the one with the most cards left.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	loser	loser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	13	amod	_	_
13	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
14	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the loser | the one |  | this game |  | with the most cards | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  | the most cards *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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