---
title: loud — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «loud» in the school dictionary: Loud means making a big sound that is easy to hear. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# loud

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Loud, big sound, Loud colours, others, loud person, loud bell · **What happens:** mean, make, be, hear, catch, read out · **To what, where:** big sound, eye, it, lot, poem, music

<!-- .vabout -->
«loud» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [loud in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/loud.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Loud means making a big sound that is easy to hear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loud:m1:1
# text = Loud means making a big sound that is easy to hear.
1	Loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Loud |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** *not said to happen* | gerund | Loud *not said here* | a big sound |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |
| 3 | **is** | present | a big sound |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **hear** | to-infinitive | a big sound *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Loud colours or clothes are very bright and catch the eye.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loud:m2:1
# text = Loud colours or clothes are very bright and catch the eye.
1	Loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	2	conj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Loud colours or clothes |  |  |  |  | bright *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **catch** | infinitive | Loud colours or clothes *not said here* | the eye |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Out loud» or «aloud» means so that others can hear: read it out loud.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loud:m3:1
# text = «Out loud» or «aloud» means so that others can hear: read it out loud.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Out	out	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	loud	loud	ADV	RB	_	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
16	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	out	out	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
19	loud	loud	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hear** | can | others |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **read out** | infinitive | others *not said here* | it |  |  |  | loud *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A loud person talks a lot and noisily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loud:m4:1
# text = A loud person talks a lot and noisily.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	talks	talk	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	noisily	noisily	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | present | a loud person | a lot |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The loud bell rang 3 times.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loud:x1:1
# text = The loud bell rang 3 times.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	rang	ring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ring** | past | the loud bell |  |  |  | time |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog barked loudly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loud:x2:1
# text = The dog barked loudly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	barked	bark	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bark** | past | the dog |  |  |  |  | loudly *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which sound is the loudest?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loud:x3:1
# text = Which sound is the loudest?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	loudest	loud	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | which sound |  |  |  |  | loud *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please read the poem out loud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loud:x4:1
# text = Please read the poem out loud.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	out	out	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	loud	loud	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | imperative | you *not said here* | the poem |  |  |  | loud *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poem=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The music was too loud, so we turned it down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loud:x5:1
# text = The music was too loud, so we turned it down.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	down	down	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the music |  |  |  |  | loud *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn down** | past | we | music |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thunder is louder than rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loud:x6:1
# text = Thunder is louder than rain.
1	Thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	louder	loud	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Thunder |  |  |  |  | than rain; loud *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wore a loud shirt with orange stripes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loud:x7:1
# text = He wore a loud shirt with orange stripes.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	shirt	shirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	stripes	stripe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | He | a loud shirt |  |  |  | with orange stripes | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent shirt=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very loud noise can damage your hearing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loud:x8:1
# text = Very loud noise can damage your hearing.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	damage	damage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hearing	hearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **damage** | can | loud noise | your hearing |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hearing=Patient |
| 2 | **hear** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom hearing «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use your quiet voice in the library, not your loud one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loud:x9:1
# text = Use your quiet voice in the library, not your loud one.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | your quiet voice |  | the library |  | your loud one *obl* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king laughed loud and long.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loud:x10:1
# text = The king laughed loud and long.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | past | the king |  |  |  |  | loud *property* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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