---
title: loudness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «loudness» in the school dictionary: How loud a sound is; the strength of a sound that we hear. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# loudness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sound, we, Hitting, Pitch, loudness, you · **What happens:** be, hear, measure, hit, increase, test · **To what, where:** sound, loudness, decibels, drum, same thing, ears

<!-- .vabout -->
«loudness» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [loudness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/loudness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How loud a sound is; the strength of a sound that we hear.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loudness:m1:1
# text = How loud a sound is; the strength of a sound that we hear.
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obj	_	_
13	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	hear	hear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a sound |  |  |  |  | loud *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hear** | present | we | a sound |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The loudness of a sound is measured in decibels.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loudness:x1:1
# text = The loudness of a sound is measured in decibels.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	loudness	loudness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	measured	measure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	decibels	decibel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | present · passive |  | the loudness of a sound |  | decibels |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: subject=Value |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hitting the drum harder increases its loudness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loudness:x2:1
# text = Hitting the drum harder increases its loudness.
1	Hitting	hit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	drum	drum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	harder	hard	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	xcomp	_	_
5	increases	increase	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	loudness	loudness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | gerund |  | the drum |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme drum=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **increase** | present | Hitting | drum's loudness |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer loudness=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We tested the loudness of different alarms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loudness:x3:1
# text = We tested the loudness of different alarms.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tested	test	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	loudness	loudness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	alarms	alarm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | past | We | the loudness of different alarms |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent loudness=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pitch and loudness are not the same thing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loudness:x4:1
# text = Pitch and loudness are not the same thing.
1	Pitch	pitch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	loudness	loudness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | Pitch and loudness | the same thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The loudness of the concert hurt my ears.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loudness:x5:1
# text = The loudness of the concert hurt my ears.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	loudness	loudness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	concert	concert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | past | the loudness of the concert | my ears |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ear=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turn the loudness down on your headphones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:loudness:x6:1
# text = Turn the loudness down on your headphones.
1	Turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	loudness	loudness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	headphones	headphone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn down** | imperative | you *not said here* | the loudness |  | your headphones |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent loudness=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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