---
title: lowland — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lowland» in the school dictionary: Flat land that is low, not much higher than the sea. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lowland

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Flat land, southern part, Most, Netherlands, Lowland areas, cousin · **What happens:** be, find in, belong, flood, live, flow · **To what, where:** lowlands, lowland, Scottish Lowlands, lot, wet lowland, hills

<!-- .vabout -->
«lowland» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lowland in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lowland.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flat land that is low, not much higher than the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lowland:m1:1
# text = Flat land that is low, not much higher than the sea.
1	Flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	much	much	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	parataxis	_	_
10	than	than	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Flat land |  |  |  |  | low *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: the Lowlands — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The southern and central part of Scotland, which is lower than the Highlands.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lowland:m2:1
# text = The southern and central part of Scotland, which is lower than the Highlands.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	central	central	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
12	than	than	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Highlands	highland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the southern part of Scotland |  |  |  |  | than the Highlands; low *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Found in or belonging to low, flat land: lowland farms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lowland:m3:1
# text = Found in or belonging to low, flat land: lowland farms.
1	Found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	1	obl	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	lowland	lowland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	farms	farm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find in** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **belong** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to low flat land and lowland farms | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most of the farms are in the lowlands near the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lowland:x1:1
# text = Most of the farms are in the lowlands near the river.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	farms	farm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lowlands	lowland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
9	near	near	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Most of the farms |  |  | the lowlands |  | near the river | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Netherlands is mostly lowland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lowland:x2:1
# text = The Netherlands is mostly lowland.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Netherlands	Netherlands	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	lowland	lowland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Netherlands | lowland |  |  |  | mostly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lowland areas can flood after heavy rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lowland:x3:1
# text = Lowland areas can flood after heavy rain.
1	Lowland	lowland	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	flood	flood	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flood** | can | Lowland areas |  |  |  | after heavy rain |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin lives in the Scottish Lowlands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lowland:x4:1
# text = My cousin lives in the Scottish Lowlands.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Lowlands	Lowland	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | My cousin |  |  | the Scottish Lowlands |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lowland=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lowland rivers flow slowly and bend a lot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lowland:x5:1
# text = Lowland rivers flow slowly and bend a lot.
1	Lowland	lowland	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flow	flow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	bend	bend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | Lowland rivers |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **bend** | infinitive | Lowland rivers *not said here* | a lot |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent lot=Material |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rice grows well on wet lowland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lowland:x6:1
# text = Rice grows well on wet lowland.
1	Rice	rice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lowland	lowland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Rice |  |  | wet lowland |  | well *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on lowland=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We drove down from the hills into the lowlands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lowland:x7:1
# text = We drove down from the hills into the lowlands.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lowlands	lowland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive down** | past | We |  |  | the hills |  | into the lowlands; down *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent from hill=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lowland forest is full of birds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lowland:x8:1
# text = The lowland forest is full of birds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lowland	lowland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the lowland forest |  |  |  |  | of birds; full *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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