---
title: lu — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lu» in the school dictionary: «Lù» means road or way (路), as in «yi lu ping an» (have a safe journey); «lǜ» means green (绿); «Lu» is also a common Chinese surname. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lu

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lù, lu ping, lǜ, Lu, It, an · **What happens:** mean, have, be, sound, form, ping · **To what, where:** road, an, green, common Chinese surname, name, new neighbour · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lu» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lu in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lu.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Mandarin, pinyin — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Lù» means road or way (路), as in «yi lu ping an» (have a safe journey); «lǜ» means green (绿); «Lu» is also a common Chinese surname.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lu:m1:1
# text = «Lù» means road or way (路), as in «yi lu ping an» (have a safe journey); «lǜ» means green (绿); «Lu» is also a common Chinese surname.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Lù	Lù	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	路	路	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	yi	yi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	lu	lu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	ping	ping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	acl:relcl	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	lǜ	lǜ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	28	punct	_	_
30	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
31	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	obj	_	_
32	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	绿	绿	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
36	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	Lu	Lu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	37	punct	_	_
39	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	44	cop	_	_
40	also	also	ADV	RB	_	44	advmod	_	_
41	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
42	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
43	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	surname	surname	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Lù | road or way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | infinitive | lu ping *not said here* | an |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent journey=Patient |
| 3 | **mean** | present | lǜ | green |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent green=Topic |
| 4 | **is a** | present | Lu | a common Chinese surname |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It sounds like «loo» to an English ear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lu:m2:1
# text = It sounds like «loo» to an English ear.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	loo	loo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | present | It |  |  |  |  | like loo; to a English ear | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus to ear=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, rare — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A short form of the name Lucy or Louise (a name).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lu:m3:1
# text = A short form of the name Lucy or Louise (a name).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	Lucy	Lucy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Louise	Louise	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** |  |  | the name |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Mandarin, «lù» means road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lu:x1:1
# text = In Mandarin, «lù» means road.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Mandarin	Mandarin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	lù	lù	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | lù | road |  |  |  | in Mandarin | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot road=Theme in mandarin=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Yi lu ping an!» my Chinese teacher said before the trip.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lu:x2:1
# text = «Yi lu ping an!» my Chinese teacher said before the trip.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Yi	Yi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	lu	lu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	ping	ping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	before	before	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ping** *in a quote* |  | an |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | past | Yi lu ping |  |  |  | before the trip |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Lǜ» means green in Chinese.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lu:x3:1
# text = «Lǜ» means green in Chinese.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Lǜ	Lǜ	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Lǜ |  |  |  |  | green *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mr Lu is our new neighbour from Shanghai.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lu:x4:1
# text = Mr Lu is our new neighbour from Shanghai.
1	Mr	Mr	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Lu	Lu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Shanghai	Shanghai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mr | our new neighbour |  | Shanghai |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Lu» sounds just like «loo», but it is not the same word.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lu:x5:1
# text = «Lu» sounds just like «loo», but it is not the same word.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Lu	Lu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	just	just	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	loo	loo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | present | Lu |  |  |  |  | like loo | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | present | loo | the same word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin Lucy's nickname is Lu.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lu:x6:1
# text = My cousin Lucy's nickname is Lu.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	Lucy	Lucy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	nickname	nickname	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	Lu	Lu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My cousin  Lucy's nickname | Lu |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **nickname** |  | Lucy |  |  |  |  |  | nom nickname «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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