---
title: lullaby — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lullaby» in the school dictionary: A lullaby is a soft, gentle song sung to help a baby or small child fall asleep. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lullaby

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lullaby, baby, Mum, Rock Baby, waves, Gran · **What happens:** be, sing, help, fall, send, sleep · **To what, where:** soft gentle song, baby, soft calming sound, lullaby, old English lullaby, me

<!-- .vabout -->
«lullaby» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lullaby in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lullaby.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lullaby is a soft, gentle song sung to help a baby or small child fall asleep.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lullaby:m1:1
# text = A lullaby is a soft, gentle song sung to help a baby or small child fall asleep.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lullaby	lullaby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	gentle	gentle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	sung	sing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
17	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
18	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lullaby | a soft gentle song |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | participle |  | a soft gentle song *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **help** | to-infinitive |  | a baby or small child |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent baby=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 4 | **fall** | infinitive | a baby or small child *not said here* |  |  |  |  | asleep *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lullaby is any soft, calming sound: the lullaby of the waves.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lullaby:m2:1
# text = A lullaby is any soft, calming sound: the lullaby of the waves.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lullaby	lullaby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
5	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	calming	calming	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	lullaby	lullaby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lullaby | any soft calming sound and the lullaby of the waves |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum sang a lullaby until the baby fell asleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lullaby:x1:1
# text = Mum sang a lullaby until the baby fell asleep.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lullaby	lullaby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
9	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | Mum | a lullaby |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location lullaby=Theme |
| 2 | **fall** | past | the baby |  |  |  |  | asleep *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Rock-a-bye Baby» is an old English lullaby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lullaby:x2:1
# text = «Rock-a-bye Baby» is an old English lullaby.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	bye	bye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	Baby	Baby	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	lullaby	lullaby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Rock Baby | a old English lullaby |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The waves were a lullaby that sent me to sleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lullaby:x3:1
# text = The waves were a lullaby that sent me to sleep.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lullaby	lullaby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the waves | a lullaby |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | past | a lullaby | me |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 3 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | a lullaby *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gran hums a Ukrainian lullaby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lullaby:x4:1
# text = Gran hums a Ukrainian lullaby.
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hums	hum	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Ukrainian	ukrainian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	lullaby	lullaby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hum** | present | Gran | a Ukrainian lullaby |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lullaby=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learned a lullaby from Ghana in music.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lullaby:x5:1
# text = We learned a lullaby from Ghana in music.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lullaby	lullaby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Ghana	Ghana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We | a lullaby |  | Ghana |  | in music | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent lullaby=Topic from ghana=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brahms wrote a famous lullaby for piano.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lullaby:x6:1
# text = Brahms wrote a famous lullaby for piano.
1	Brahms	Brahms	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	lullaby	lullaby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	piano	piano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Brahms | a famous lullaby |  |  |  | for piano | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent lullaby=Result for piano=Beneficiary |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leaning on one hand and softly whispering a little lullaby, she threw a light cover over her baby.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lullaby:x7:1
# text = Leaning on one hand and softly whispering a little lullaby, she threw a light cover over her baby.
1	Leaning	lean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	softly	softly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	whispering	whisper	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	lullaby	lullaby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
12	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	over	over	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lean** | gerund | she *not said here* |  |  | one hand |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on hand=Location |
| 2 | **whisper** *speech: assert* | gerund | she *not said here* | a little lullaby |  |  |  | softly *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lullaby=Topic |
| 3 | **throw** | past | she | a light cover |  | her baby |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent cover=Theme over baby=Destination |

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