---
title: lumber — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lumber» in the school dictionary: Lumber is timber, wood cut and ready for building. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lumber

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**Who acts:** Lumber, men, attic, bear · **What happens:** be, cut, store away, carry, build, lumber off · **To what, where:** timber wood, useless things, lumber, barn, wood

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«lumber» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lumber in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lumber.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lumber is timber, wood cut and ready for building.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lumber:m1:1
# text = Lumber is timber, wood cut and ready for building.
1	Lumber	lumber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	timber	timber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lumber | timber wood |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut** | participle |  | timber wood *not said here* |  |  |  | for building | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent for building=Asset |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lumber is old, useless things stored away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lumber:m2:1
# text = Lumber is old, useless things stored away.
1	Lumber	lumber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	useless	useless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
7	stored	store	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Lumber |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **store away** | participle |  | useless things *not said here* |  |  |  | away *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lumber is to move heavily and clumsily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lumber:m3:1
# text = To lumber is to move heavily and clumsily.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lumber	lumber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	heavily	heavily	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	clumsily	clumsily	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | heavily, move *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The men carried lumber to build the barn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lumber:x1:1
# text = The men carried lumber to build the barn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	lumber	lumber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	barn	barn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | the men | lumber |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lumber=Theme |
| 2 | **build** | to-infinitive | the men *not said here* | the barn |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset barn=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The attic was full of old lumber.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lumber:x2:1
# text = The attic was full of old lumber.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	attic	attic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lumber	lumber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the attic |  |  |  |  | of old lumber; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bear lumbered off into the wood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lumber:x3:1
# text = The bear lumbered off into the wood.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lumbered	lumber	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lumber off** | past | the bear |  |  | the wood |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into wood=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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