---
title: lumbering — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lumbering» in the school dictionary: Moving slowly and heavily, in a clumsy way, like an elephant or a big tired bear. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lumbering

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bear, work, lumbering giant, old bus, Dinosaurs, big dog · **What happens:** move, walk, lumber, cut down, prepare, sell · **To what, where:** clumsy way, heavy clumsy way, trees, wood, forest, hill

<!-- .vabout -->
«lumbering» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lumbering in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lumbering.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moving slowly and heavily, in a clumsy way, like an elephant or a big tired bear.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lumbering:m1:1
# text = Moving slowly and heavily, in a clumsy way, like an elephant or a big tired bear.
1	Moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	heavily	heavily	ADV	RB	_	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	clumsy	clumsy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  | a clumsy way |  | like a elephant or a big tired bear; slowly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in way=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, -ing form — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Walking or moving in a heavy, clumsy way: «the bear was lumbering along».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lumbering:m2:1
# text = Walking or moving in a heavy, clumsy way: «the bear was lumbering along».
1	Walking	walk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	clumsy	clumsy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	lumbering	lumber	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
16	along	along	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | gerund | the bear *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **move** | gerund | the bear *not said here* |  |  | a heavy clumsy way |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in way=Trajectory |
| 3 | **lumber** *in a quote* | past · progressive | the bear |  |  |  |  | along *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: North America — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The work of cutting down trees and preparing wood (lumber) to sell.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lumbering:m3:1
# text = The work of cutting down trees and preparing wood (lumber) to sell.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	preparing	prepare	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	conj	_	_
9	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	lumber	lumber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut down** | gerund | the work *not said here* | trees |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tree=Product |
| 2 | **prepare** | gerund | the work *not said here* | wood |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wood=Patient |
| 3 | **sell** | to-infinitive | the work *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lumbering giant stepped out of the forest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lumbering:x1:1
# text = A lumbering giant stepped out of the forest.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lumbering	lumbering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stepped	step	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **step out** | past | a lumbering giant | the forest |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location forest=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old bus came lumbering up the hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lumbering:x2:1
# text = The old bus came lumbering up the hill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	lumbering	lumber	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the old bus |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **lumber up** | gerund | the old bus *not said here* | the hill |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location hill=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bear was lumbering across the meadow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lumbering:x3:1
# text = The bear was lumbering across the meadow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	lumbering	lumber	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	meadow	meadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lumber** | past · progressive | the bear |  |  | the meadow |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across meadow=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dinosaurs like Brachiosaurus were huge, lumbering animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lumbering:x4:1
# text = Dinosaurs like Brachiosaurus were huge, lumbering animals.
1	Dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	like	like	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Brachiosaurus	Brachiosaurus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	lumbering	lumber	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
8	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Dinosaurs like Brachiosaurus |  |  |  |  | huge *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lumber** | gerund | Dinosaurs like Brachiosaurus *not said here* | animals |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location animal=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lumbering tractor held up all the traffic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lumbering:x5:1
# text = The lumbering tractor held up all the traffic.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lumbering	lumbering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tractor	tractor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold up** | participle |  | the lumbering tractor *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My big dog came lumbering in, covered in mud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lumbering:x6:1
# text = My big dog came lumbering in, covered in mud.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	lumbering	lumber	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | My big dog |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lumber** | gerund | My big dog *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cover** | participle | My big dog *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in mud | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in mud=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lumbering was the main job in many Canadian towns in the 1800s.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lumbering:x7:1
# text = Lumbering was the main job in many Canadian towns in the 1800s.
1	Lumbering	lumbering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	Canadian	Canadian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	1800s	1800	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Lumbering | the main job |  | many Canadian towns in the 1800s |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The robot moved with a lumbering, clanking walk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lumbering:x8:1
# text = The robot moved with a lumbering, clanking walk.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	robot	robot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lumbering	lumbering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	clanking	clank	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | the robot |  |  |  |  | with a lumbering | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **clank** | gerund | the robot *not said here* | walk |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location walk=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Tan-ta-ra-ra, tan-ta-ra-ra," sounded the horn, and the mail-coach came lumbering up.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lumbering:x9:1
# text = "Tan-ta-ra-ra, tan-ta-ra-ra," sounded the horn, and the mail-coach came lumbering up.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Tan	Tan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	ta	ta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	ra	ra	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	ra	ra	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	tan	tan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	ta	ta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	ra	ra	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	ra	ra	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
19	sounded	sound	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
25	mail	mail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
29	lumbering	lumber	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	28	advcl	_	_
30	up	up	ADP	RP	_	29	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ra** *in a quote* |  | Tan |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sound** | past | ta ra ra and ra ra | the horn |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location horn=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | past | the mail coach |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **lumber up** | gerund | the mail coach *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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