---
title: luminosity — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «luminosity» in the school dictionary: How much light something gives out; its brightness. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# luminosity

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, total amount, second, star, luminosity, stars · **What happens:** give out, not be, look, amount, glow, keep · **To what, where:** brightness, energy, quality, planet, greater luminosity, high luminosity

<!-- .vabout -->
«luminosity» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [luminosity in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/luminosity.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How much light something gives out; its brightness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:luminosity:m1:1
# text = How much light something gives out; its brightness.
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nsubj	_	_
5	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	brightness	brightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give out** | present | something | its brightness |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent brightness=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: astronomy — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The total amount of energy a star gives out each second, which is not the same as how bright it looks from Earth.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:luminosity:m2:1
# text = The total amount of energy a star gives out each second, which is not the same as how bright it looks from Earth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
19	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	20	advmod	_	_
20	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	advcl	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give out** | present | the total amount of energy |  |  |  | second |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | each second |  |  |  |  | same *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **look** | present | star |  |  |  |  | from Earth | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent from earth=Theme |
| 4 | **amount** |  |  | energy |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shining or glowing quality.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:luminosity:m3:1
# text = A shining or glowing quality.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shining	shining	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	glowing	glow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	conj	_	_
5	quality	quality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glow** | gerund |  | quality |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent quality=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sun's luminosity keeps our planet warm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:luminosity:x1:1
# text = The Sun's luminosity keeps our planet warm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	luminosity	luminosity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	planet	planet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | the Sun's luminosity | our planet |  |  |  | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent planet=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some stars have much greater luminosity than the Sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:luminosity:x2:1
# text = Some stars have much greater luminosity than the Sun.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	much	much	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	luminosity	luminosity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Sun.	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | some stars | greater luminosity |  |  |  | than the Sun. | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent luminosity=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A distant star can have high luminosity but look dim.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:luminosity:x3:1
# text = A distant star can have high luminosity but look dim.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	luminosity	luminosity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	dim	dim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | can | a distant star | high luminosity |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent luminosity=Patient |
| 2 | **look** | present | a distant star *not said here* |  |  |  |  | dim *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The luminosity of the screen was turned down at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:luminosity:x4:1
# text = The luminosity of the screen was turned down at night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	luminosity	luminosity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	down	down	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn down** | past · passive |  | the luminosity of the screen |  |  | night |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Glow-worms have a soft luminosity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:luminosity:x5:1
# text = Glow-worms have a soft luminosity.
1	Glow	glow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	worms	worm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	luminosity	luminosity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Glow worms | a soft luminosity |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent luminosity=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists measure the luminosity of stars with special tools.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:luminosity:x6:1
# text = Scientists measure the luminosity of stars with special tools.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	measure	measure	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	luminosity	luminosity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | present | Scientists | the luminosity of stars |  |  |  | with special tools | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme luminosity=Value |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The painting had a strange luminosity, as if it glowed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:luminosity:x7:1
# text = The painting had a strange luminosity, as if it glowed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	painting	painting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	luminosity	luminosity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	glowed	glow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the painting | a strange luminosity |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent luminosity=Patient |
| 2 | **glow** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | painting |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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