---
title: lunatic — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lunatic» in the school dictionary: A person who behaves in a wild, silly or dangerous way: «He drives like a lunatic». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lunatic

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, it, lunatic, Jumping, crowd, goal · **What happens:** behave, drive, be, use, jump off, go · **To what, where:** wild way, illness, school, shed roof, lunatic idea, lunatic asylums · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lunatic» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lunatic in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lunatic.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who behaves in a wild, silly or dangerous way: «He drives like a lunatic».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunatic:m1:1
# text = A person who behaves in a wild, silly or dangerous way: «He drives like a lunatic».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	behaves	behave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
7	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
12	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	drives	drive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	lunatic	lunatic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **behave** | present | a person |  |  | a wild way |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **drive** *in a quote* | present | person |  |  |  |  | like a lunatic | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very silly or crazy: «a lunatic idea».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunatic:m2:1
# text = Very silly or crazy: «a lunatic idea».
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	crazy	crazy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	lunatic	lunatic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old, now offensive — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old word for a person with a serious mental illness; today it is hurtful to use it this way.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunatic:m3:1
# text = An old word for a person with a serious mental illness; today it is hurtful to use it this way.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	mental	mental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl:unmarked	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	hurtful	hurtful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
21	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  | today | hurtful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | to-infinitive |  | illness |  |  |  | this way *obl:unmarked* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some lunatic was driving at 80 miles an hour past the school!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunatic:x1:1
# text = Some lunatic was driving at 80 miles an hour past the school!
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	lunatic	lunatic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	driving	drive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	80	80	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
10	past	past	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past · progressive | some lunatic |  |  | the school | hour | at 80 miles | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent past school=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jumping off the shed roof was a lunatic idea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunatic:x2:1
# text = Jumping off the shed roof was a lunatic idea.
1	Jumping	jump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
2	off	off	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	shed	shed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	lunatic	lunatic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump off** | gerund |  | the shed roof |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme roof=Trajectory |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Jumping | a lunatic idea |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crowd went lunatic when the goal went in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunatic:x3:1
# text = The crowd went lunatic when the goal went in.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	lunatic	lunatic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the crowd |  |  |  |  | lunatic *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go in** | past | the goal |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Victorian times there were places called lunatic asylums.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunatic:x4:1
# text = In Victorian times there were places called lunatic asylums.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	Victorian	victorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	lunatic	lunatic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	asylums	asylum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | places |  |  | there | time |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | participle | places *not said here* | lunatic asylums |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma says the price of petrol is lunatic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunatic:x5:1
# text = Grandma says the price of petrol is lunatic.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	petrol	petrol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	lunatic	lunatic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Grandma |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the price of petrol |  |  |  |  | lunatic *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was running round the garden like a lunatic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunatic:x6:1
# text = He was running round the garden like a lunatic.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	round	round	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lunatic	lunatic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past · progressive | He |  |  | the garden |  | like a lunatic | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme round garden=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Today we say «a person with a mental illness», not «a lunatic».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunatic:x7:1
# text = Today we say «a person with a mental illness», not «a lunatic».
1	Today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	mental	mental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	lunatic	lunatic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | we | a person |  |  | today | with a mental illness | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent person=Theme with illness=Manner |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some people believed a full moon made people act like lunatics, but science has not shown this.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunatic:x8:1
# text = Some people believed a full moon made people act like lunatics, but science has not shown this.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	act	act	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	lunatics	lunatic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
18	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | past | some people |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **make** | past | a full moon |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **act** | present | people |  |  |  |  | like lunatics | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent like lunatic=Attribute |
| 4 | **not** **show** | present · perfect | science | this |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent this=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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